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Questions and Answers
How can most STDs be transmitted?
What is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria?
How many cases of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia were reported in the US in 2018?
What can happen to untreated STD cases due to lack of signs or symptoms?
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What did the CDC report regarding STD cases in the US?
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How are most STDs passed between individuals?
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Which symptom is NOT associated with chlamydia?
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What complication is specifically mentioned in relation to gonorrhea?
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Why is chlamydia often referred to as the 'Silent' Disease?
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What is a common method of gonorrhea transmission?
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Which STD is the second most common in the US according to CDC report?
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What long-term complication can arise from Chlamydia?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a gumma in late (tertiary) syphilis?
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According to the CDC data, which group had higher rates of syphilis across different age groups in 2017?
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Which of the following is a potential consequence of late (tertiary) syphilis if left untreated?
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How is genital herpes (HSV-2) primarily transmitted?
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Which of the following statements about human papillomavirus (HPV) is true?
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According to the information provided, what percentage of sexually active individuals are estimated to get at least one type of HPV?
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What is the characteristic presentation of primary syphilis?
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In which region of the body are chancres typically found in primary syphilis?
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What symptom is associated with secondary syphilis?
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When does secondary syphilis typically appear?
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Which of the following is a method of STD transmission?
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What is the characteristic feature of chancres in primary syphilis?
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What is a common complication of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
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Which of the following is a symptom of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
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How are the primary and secondary stages of syphilis caused?
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How can syphilis be transmitted?
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Compared to men, women with gonorrhea tend to have:
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Study Notes
Chlamydia
- Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria
- Can be spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex and from infected pregnant women to their babies during childbirth
- Symptoms include:
- Abnormal discharge
- Burning sensation when urinating
- Rectal pain
- Swelling in testicles
- Complications can lead to:
- Sterility or infertility
- Infection spreading to vas deferens (causing pain and/or fever)
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Gonorrhea
- Second most common STD in the US, with an estimated 616,392 new cases in 2019
- Can be spread through sexual contact; vaginal, anal, or oral sex or from infected pregnant women to their babies during childbirth
- Symptoms include:
- Painful or burning sensation when urinating
- Abnormal vaginal/penile discharge (white, yellow, or green)
- Rectal discharge
- Itching
- Soreness
- Bleeding
- Complications can lead to:
- Sterility or infertility
- Disseminated infection (rash, arthritis, fever, meningitis, etc.)
- Painful infection of tubes attached to the testicles
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Caused by untreated STDs (like chlamydia and gonorrhea)
- May experience mild or no symptoms
- Symptoms include:
- Lower abdominal pain
- Fever
- Unusual discharge with bad odor from the vagina
- Pain and/or bleeding during sex
- Burning sensation when urinating
- Bleeding between periods
- Complications include:
- Scar tissue formation outside and inside the fallopian tubes (blockage)
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Infertility
- Long-term pelvic pain
Syphilis
- Caused by the Treponema pallidum bacterium
- Can be spread through direct contact with a syphilis sore (chancre) during vaginal, anal, or oral sex and from mother to baby
Primary Syphilis
- Presents with painless chancres that appear on the body after exposure to the infection
- Chancre:
- Firm, round, and painless
- Appears within 2-6 weeks after exposure (could take up to 3 months)
- Found on the part of the body exposed to the infection (penis, vagina, anus, lips, or in mouth)
- Typically disappears after a few weeks without treatment (still progresses to next stage)
Secondary Syphilis
- Appears about 4 weeks after chancre heals
- Symptoms include:
- Condylomata lata or “fleshy warts” in anogenital region
- Alopecia or patchy hair loss (non-itchy)
- Non-itchy rash with rough red or reddish brown spots
- Mucous Patches usually in the mouth, vagina, or anus
Late (Tertiary) Syphilis
- Typically occurs 10-30 years after infection begins
- Can damage various body parts like heart, brain, spinal cord, eyes, and bones leading to severe consequences
- Types include:
- Cardiovascular Syphilis
- Late Benign Syphilis
- Neurosyphilis
- Gumma: a soft, gummy tumor, is a characteristic feature
Genital Herpes (HSV-2)
- Spread through vaginal, oral, or anal sex, and skin-to-skin contact with someone who has the virus
- Symptoms include:
- Blisters around the genitals, rectum, or mouth, leading to painful sores that take weeks to heal
- No cure available, with outbreaks being common
- 1 in 8 people aged 14-49 have genital herpes, often without knowing it
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Transmitted through skin-to-skin contact and vaginal, anal, oral sex (vaginal & anal most common)
- Highly common, with an estimated 80% of sexually-active individuals getting at least one type of HPV
- Major cause of cervical cancer, affecting a significant percentage of sexually active women
- Can be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected individual
Overview of STDs
- Many infections show no signs or symptoms, leading to untreated cases and potential long-term damage
- More than 2.4 million cases of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia were reported in the US in 2018
- CDC reported a rise in STD cases in the US, including congenital syphilis linked to newborn deaths
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Description
Learn about infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected individual. Discover how STDs can be passed through various forms of sexual contact and the ways they can be transmitted. Explore the prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia in the US.
