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Questions and Answers
Which system removes substances from the blood, regulates body processes, and forms urine to transport out of the body?
Through which pathway can microorganisms enter the male reproductive system?
Which part of the female reproductive system can serve as an entry point for microorganisms?
Which virus is responsible for causing genital herpes?
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What percentage of Americans aged 12 and above have HSV-2, the virus responsible for genital herpes?
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Which virus is responsible for causing genital warts?
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Which bacterial infection is most prevalent in tropic and subtropic environments?
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Which virus is responsible for causing molluscum contagiosum?
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Which bacterial infection can infants contract from the mother during birth?
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Which virus is responsible for causing oral herpes or cold sores?
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Which viral infection is less severe than HPV?
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Which bacterial STD is caused by Haemophilus ducreyi?
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Which viral infection can be prevented by the HPV vaccine Gardasil?
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Which bacterial infection can pregnant women be routinely screened for?
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Which viral infection can cause cervical cancer?
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Which bacterium is commonly associated with causing urinary tract infections?
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What is the characteristic symptom of Leptospirosis?
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What is a common consequence of Trichomoniasis in women?
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What can bacterial vaginosis increase the risk of acquiring?
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What is a characteristic of Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?
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What can untreated STDs potentially lead to in women?
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What action can increase the risk of acquiring pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
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What was the response to the incidence of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome in the U.S. from 1979-2009?
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What is the most common cause of vaginitis and vaginosis?
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What is the characteristic symptom of urinary schistosomiasis?
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What is the characteristic symptom of Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?
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What is the characteristic symptom of Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?
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What is the estimated number of annual cases of Chlamydia in the U.S.?
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Which age group is most affected by Gonorrhea in the United States?
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What is a potential complication of Chlamydia in women?
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What is the causative agent of Syphilis?
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What is the primary stage of Syphilis characterized by?
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What is the most common symptom of Gonorrhea in men?
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What is the most common symptom of Chlamydia in men?
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What is the life cycle of Chlamydia characterized by?
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What is the method used for the diagnosis of gonorrhea?
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What can Chlamydia lead to in terms of female infertility?
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What is a potential complication of gonorrhea in men?
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How can syphilis be effectively treated within the first three years of exposure?
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Study Notes
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Syphilis
- Gonorrhea is a strictly human sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, with 700,000 new cases annually in the United States, affecting 20-24-year-old men and 15-19-year-old men and women the most.
- Symptoms of gonorrhea include burning during urination, frequent urination, yellowish-green pus discharge in men, and increased discharge, itchy red vulva, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, with potential complications such as epididymitis in men and peritonitis and PID leading to ectopic pregnancies in women.
- Diagnosis of gonorrhea involves culture on Thayer Martin media, and treatment now requires larger doses of stronger antibiotics due to resistance to penicillin.
- Chlamydia, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is the most commonly reported STD in the U.S., with an estimated 2.8 million cases annually, affecting 72% of individuals between ages 15-24, and symptoms such as abnormal discharge, burning during urination, and lower abdominal pain in women, and discharge and burning during urination in men.
- Chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and female infertility, and 50% of babies born to infected mothers can develop chlamydial conjunctivitis.
- The life cycle of Chlamydia involves an infectious elementary body stage and a reticular body or multiplying stage, and it can cause complications such as lymphogranuloma venereum, leading to swelling of inguinal lymph nodes and draining ulcers.
- Genital ulcer diseases, such as syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes, can lead to lesions on the genitals, with syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete bacterium, and exhibiting three stages: primary (chancre), secondary (rash), and tertiary (internal damage).
- The primary stage of syphilis presents as a painless sore (chancre) and is highly infectious, followed by a rash on the trunk, arms, palms, and soles in the secondary stage, and after latency, the tertiary stage can lead to internal damage and the development of gummas.
- Syphilis can also be transmitted congenitally, leading to early profuse nasal discharge and later developing into a condition called Hutchinson’s teeth in affected infants.
- Diagnosis of syphilis requires darkfield microscopy for detection, as T. pallidum does not culture well, and it can be effectively treated with penicillin within the first three years of exposure.
- Figures in the text illustrate the incidence rates of gonorrhea and syphilis from 1964 to 2003, the causative agents and life cycles of gonorrhea and chlamydia
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Description
Test your knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases with a focus on gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. This quiz covers the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of these common STDs, as well as their impact on individuals and potential complications. Gain insights into the incidence rates and life cycles of gonorrhea and chlamydia, and enhance your understanding of these important public health issues.
