Sexual Reproduction in Animals
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV)?

  • They are always asymptomatic.
  • They can be completely cured with medication.
  • They can only be transmitted sexually.
  • They cause blisters or ulcers at the site of infection. (correct)

    • How is Mycoplasma genitalium treated?

  • With over-the-counter pain relievers.
  • With antibiotics. (correct)
  • With antiviral medication.
  • It cannot be treated.

    • Which type of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is most likely to lead to cervical cancer?

  • Certain high-risk strains of HPV. (correct)
  • Types that cause common warts.
  • Types that cause genital warts.
  • Types that only cause oropharyngeal cancer.

    • What is the primary method for preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

    <p>Abstinence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about HPV infections?

    <p>Some strains of HPV can cause warts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the cilia in the frog's oviducts play in reproduction?

    <p>They create a current that sweeps the eggs into the oviducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During frog reproduction, what happens immediately after the female expels the eggs?

    <p>The male discharges sperm over the eggs in the water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization occur in chickens?

    <p>Inside the hen's body during egg release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chickens, how long can the sperm travel through the female's reproductive tract?

    <p>A week or more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage is incorrectly associated with the frog's reproduction process?

    <p>Fertilization happens inside the female's body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cloacal kiss in chickens?

    <p>To allow sperm transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of fertilization and development, how do frogs differ from chickens?

    <p>Frogs have external fertilization and development occurs outside the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance accumulates around the yolk as the egg forms in chickens?

    <p>Egg white.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone used in Depo-Provera to prevent pregnancy?

    <p>Progestin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sterilization procedure is performed on women?

    <p>Tubal sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the contraceptive implant Nexplanon last?

    <p>3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of coitus interruptus?

    <p>To avoid sperm ejaculation into the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method relies on tracking menstrual history to predict ovulation?

    <p>Calendar rhythm method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of contraception is applied to the skin?

    <p>Birth control patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of vasectomy as a form of birth control?

    <p>It is typically performed under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the birth control patch primarily contain?

    <p>Estrogen and progestin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the fallopian tubes play in the female reproductive system?

    <p>They carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the endometrium if the egg released by the ovary is not fertilized?

    <p>It breaks down and is shed during menstruation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the ejaculatory ducts in males?

    <p>They mix sperm with secretions from the prostate gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the hormonal birth control pill function?

    <p>It regulates menstrual cycles through hormonal control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an IUD?

    <p>To prevent pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the clitoris primarily function as in the female reproductive system?

    <p>An erectile organ involved in sexual arousal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormones do the hormonal ring release to prevent pregnancy?

    <p>Progestin and estrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of development are the reproductive systems undetermined in embryos?

    <p>In early embryos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What produces egg cells in female animals during sexual reproduction?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fertilized egg cell in sexual reproduction?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During earthworm reproduction, what is the role of the clitellum?

    <p>To secrete a mucous ring for fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about earthworm reproduction is true?

    <p>Earthworms have both male and female reproductive organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the fertilization process in earthworms?

    <p>It occurs in a cocoon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sexual reproduction, what type of cells fuse to become a zygote?

    <p>Haploid gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproductive method do frogs primarily exhibit?

    <p>Sexual reproduction between separate genders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment of the earthworm is responsible for receiving sperm from another worm?

    <p>Segment IX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sexual Reproduction in Animals

    • Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce offspring to ensure their species' survival.
    • Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of haploid gametes: egg cells (female) and sperm cells (male), resulting in a diploid zygote.
    • Offspring inherit genetic material from both parents, resulting in unique combinations.

    Reproduction in Earthworms

    • Earthworms are hermaphroditic, possessing both male and female reproductive organs.
    • Mating involves two worms aligning their ventral surfaces, with their anterior ends facing opposite directions.
    • Each worm transfers sperm to the other's sperm-receiving sacs.
    • The clitellum secretes a mucous ring which collects the sperm, creating a cocoon containing fertilized eggs.
    • Development of the embryo occurs externally within the cocoon.

    Reproduction in Frogs

    • Frogs are either male or female.
    • The female's ovaries produce eggs, which are coated with a jelly-like material as they pass through the oviducts.
    • During mating, the male clasps the female, stimulating egg release into the water.
    • The male then releases sperm, fertilizing the eggs externally.

    Reproduction in Chickens

    • Roosters and hens lack external genitalia; fertilization occurs through a cloacal kiss.
    • Sperm travels through the rooster's vas deferens to the sperm sacs, and is released into the hen's cloaca.
    • Sperm travels through the hen's oviduct, awaiting the egg's release.
    • Fertilization takes place in the infundibulum.
    • The egg is further developed in the magnum, isthmus, and shell gland, resulting in a shelled egg.
    • Development of the embryo takes place externally within the incubated egg.

    Human Reproduction

    • The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.
    • The ovaries produce eggs and release them into the fallopian tubes.
    • The uterus is where a fertilized egg implants and develops.
    • The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina.
    • Menstruation occurs monthly, involving the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur.
    • The male reproductive system includes the testes, vas deferens, prostate gland, and penis.
    • The testes produce sperm.
    • The vas deferens transports sperm to the urethra.
    • The prostate gland secretes fluid that mixes with sperm to form semen.

    Birth Control Methods

    • Condom - barrier preventing semen from entering the vagina.
    • Pills - oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation.
    • Hormonal Ring - releases estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, and thin the uterine lining.
    • IUD - a T-shaped device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.
    • Injectable contraceptives - medroxyprogesterone acetate injection suppressing ovulation.
    • Surgical Sterilization - permanent methods including female sterilization (tubal ligation) and male sterilization (vasectomy).
    • Implant - a rod inserted under the skin releasing progestin to prevent pregnancy.
    • Coitus Interruptus - withdrawal of the penis before ejaculation to prevent sperm from entering the vagina.
    • Calendar Rhythm Method - tracking menstrual cycles to predict ovulation and avoid intercourse during fertile periods.
    • Patch - skin patch releasing estrogen and progestin to prevent pregnancy.

    Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

    • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) - causes oral or genital herpes with symptoms ranging from mild to severe.
    • Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) - a sexually transmitted infection similar to chlamydia, potentially asymptomatic or symptomatic.
    • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) - causes warts and can lead to cancers of the cervix, anus, penis, vagina, vulva, and oropharyngeal areas.
    • STIs can be prevented through abstinence, using condoms, getting tested regularly, and receiving vaccinations against preventable STIs.

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    Related Documents

    IB Sexual Reproduction PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating processes of sexual reproduction across different animal species, including earthworms and frogs. This quiz covers key concepts such as gamete fusion, hermaphroditism in earthworms, and the reproductive habits of frogs. Test your understanding of how these processes ensure species survival.

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