Sexual Morality and Ethics Overview

Sexual Morality in Ethics

• Sexual morality is a branch of ethics examining the moral implications of human sexuality.
• It considers right and wrong aspects of sexual behavior.
• Factors like consent, harm prevention, and emotional connection are significant aspects.
• Societal norms and cultural values influence the understanding of morally acceptable sexual conduct.

Natural Law Theory's Perspective

• Natural Law Theory (NLT) believes an action's goodness depends on fulfilling its natural function.
• NLT posits that the natural function of sexual faculties is procreation.
• Acts hindering procreation, like premarital sex, masturbation, contraception, and homosexuality, are considered morally wrong by NLT.
• NLT emphasizes that the morality of sexual acts is objective and independent of individual desires and cultural norms

Kant's Deontological Approach

• Kant's ethics prioritize treating humanity as an end, not a means.
• Sexual desire, according to Kant, can threaten the treatment of others as whole persons, potentially leading to objectification.
• Kant argues that sexual activity is only morally permissible within a heterosexual, lifelong, and monogamous marriage.
• Marriage for Kant implies reciprocal agreement, ensuring mutual respect and preventing objectification.

Utilitarianism's Perspective

• Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing overall happiness and minimizing suffering.
• This approach does not inherently condemn any specific sexual act but judges them based on their consequences.
• Utilitarianism considers the pleasure and pain experienced by all parties involved in a sexual act.
• Utilitarianism recognizes that rape and pedophilia are morally wrong due to their negative consequences.

Virtue Theory in Sexual Ethics

• Virtue Theory emphasizes developing virtuous character traits for sexual activity.
• Moderation and temperance in all life aspects are crucial.
• Engaging in sexual activity at the right time, with the correct person, and for the correct reason aligns with the virtue theory approach.
• Adultery may be considered wrong if it reflects a lack of temperance or commitment.
• Virtue theory is less prescriptive than other theories and encourages considering virtues like temperance, courage, in sexual relationships.

LGBTQ+ Criminalization Timeline

• English common law historically viewed sodomy as a crime against God, punishable severely.
• Laws regarding same-sex sexual activity in various regions have evolved over time, influenced by changing societal attitudes.
• Several countries have decriminalized or amended laws regarding same-sex acts.

Sexual Autonomy and Consent

• Sexual autonomy is an individual's right to make choices about their own sexual experiences.
• Consent is essential for any morally acceptable sexual activity, requiring knowing and voluntary agreement to engage in a particular act.

Embracing Sexual Diversity and Inclusivity

• Sexual orientation and gender identity are diverse and deserve respect.
• Ethical considerations should be inclusive, addressing the needs and experiences of all individuals.
• Promoting equality and justice in sexual matters is crucial for a just and equitable society.