lecture 11 quiz- soical behavior

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What is the primary reason for the difference in reproductive success between males and females in lekking polygyny?

Females invest more in offspring, making them a limiting resource for males.
Males have a higher variance in reproductive success compared to females. (correct)
Males engage in competitive behaviors to establish dominance within the lek.
Females choose mates based on dominance and central location within the lek.

According to Bateman's principle, which sex is under more pressure to optimize the quantity of offspring?

Males, as they compete for mating opportunities. (correct)
Both sexes experience equal pressure to optimize offspring quantity.
Females, as they are the limiting resource for males.
Neither sex experiences pressure to optimize offspring quantity.

What is the primary driver of sexual selection in lekking polygyny?

The difference in parental investment between males and females.
The higher variance in reproductive success among males.
Female choice of mates based on dominance and location. (correct)
Male competition for central positions within the lek.

How does the difference in parental investment between males and females contribute to the observed sex roles in reproduction?

Females invest more in offspring, making them a limiting resource for males. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of anisogamy (unequal gamete sizes) relate to the observed sex roles in reproduction?

Anisogamy leads to females optimizing offspring quality and males optimizing offspring quantity. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the observed difference in reproductive success between males and females within the lekking polygyny mating system?

It leads to stronger sexual selection on females compared to males. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Bateman's principle, which sex is portrayed as the limiting factor for parental investment?

Females (D) Signup and view all the answers

What typically limits male reproductive success?

Mating opportunities (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the difference in gamete size between males and females?

Female gametes (eggs) are larger than male gametes (sperm). (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the required parental investment for females?

Females have a very high required parental investment. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which mating system is described in the context of jacanas, where females have multiple male mates?

Polyandry (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the fertility and potential offspring for males?

Males are fertile throughout life, and their potential offspring is limited by the number of female partners. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind Fisher's 'runaway' hypothesis for the evolution of male ornaments?

Mate choice initially evolved to select for traits that confer a survival advantage, but later led to a preference for extravagant traits. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key idea behind Zahavi's 'handicap' hypothesis regarding extravagant male ornaments?

Extravagant traits are costly to develop and maintain, serving as honest signals of genetic quality, and only males in good condition can fully develop and maintain such ornaments. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of runaway selection for extravagant male ornaments?

Over time, offspring are more likely to possess the physical trait and preference for it, leading to extreme sexual dimorphism. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do the ideas of reproductive success and costs relate to the evolution of male ornaments, according to the text?

Reproductive success can be achieved through the development of costly traits, but these traits may also incur costs such as flight deficiencies or vulnerability to predators. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the inheritance of sexually attractive traits and mate preferences?

Sons inherit traits that make them sexually attractive, while daughters inherit the majority of mate preferences. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of anisogamy (unequal gamete size) relate to the ideas of reproductive success and sex roles discussed in the text?

The text does not discuss the concept of anisogamy or how it relates to reproductive success and sex roles. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Zahavi's handicap hypothesis, which of the following best explains why females prefer males with handicaps?

Handicaps serve as indicators of heritable viability and good genes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits is NOT mentioned in the text as an indicator of genetic quality?

Large body size (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do males typically provide minimal parental care compared to females?

Males have smaller gametes and invest less energy in reproduction. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of Zahavi's handicap hypothesis?

Handicaps may reduce the overall fitness of the population. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits is most likely to be a costly signal indicating genetic quality?

A bright plumage pattern in a bird species (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the asymmetry in parental investment principle, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Females invest more energy in gamete production than males. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes cooperatively polyandrous groups?

A single female copulates with multiple males during a breeding season, and they cooperate to raise the offspring. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor driving sexual dimorphism, according to the text?

Sexual selection (B) Signup and view all the answers

In species where females produce more eggs, how does sexual dimorphism tend to manifest?

Larger females are favored, reflecting fecundity selection. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of female choice in intersexual competition?

Females choose mates based on certain traits, driving sexual selection. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ornaments in the context of mate choice by females?

Ornaments are traits or features that often correlate with health and vitality, which females may prioritize when selecting mates. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what can be inferred about walrus tusks?

Tusks are found in both male and female walruses, with males typically having longer and wider tusks. (D) Signup and view all the answers