lecture 11 quiz- soical behavior
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What is the primary reason for the difference in reproductive success between males and females in lekking polygyny?

  • Females invest more in offspring, making them a limiting resource for males.
  • Males have a higher variance in reproductive success compared to females. (correct)
  • Males engage in competitive behaviors to establish dominance within the lek.
  • Females choose mates based on dominance and central location within the lek.

    • According to Bateman's principle, which sex is under more pressure to optimize the quantity of offspring?

  • Males, as they compete for mating opportunities. (correct)
  • Both sexes experience equal pressure to optimize offspring quantity.
  • Females, as they are the limiting resource for males.
  • Neither sex experiences pressure to optimize offspring quantity.

    • What is the primary driver of sexual selection in lekking polygyny?

  • The difference in parental investment between males and females.
  • The higher variance in reproductive success among males.
  • Female choice of mates based on dominance and location. (correct)
  • Male competition for central positions within the lek.

    • How does the difference in parental investment between males and females contribute to the observed sex roles in reproduction?

    <p>Females invest more in offspring, making them a limiting resource for males.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of anisogamy (unequal gamete sizes) relate to the observed sex roles in reproduction?

    <p>Anisogamy leads to females optimizing offspring quality and males optimizing offspring quantity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the observed difference in reproductive success between males and females within the lekking polygyny mating system?

    <p>It leads to stronger sexual selection on females compared to males.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bateman's principle, which sex is portrayed as the limiting factor for parental investment?

    <p>Females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically limits male reproductive success?

    <p>Mating opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding the difference in gamete size between males and females?

    <p>Female gametes (eggs) are larger than male gametes (sperm).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the required parental investment for females?

    <p>Females have a very high required parental investment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mating system is described in the context of jacanas, where females have multiple male mates?

    <p>Polyandry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the fertility and potential offspring for males?

    <p>Males are fertile throughout life, and their potential offspring is limited by the number of female partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind Fisher's 'runaway' hypothesis for the evolution of male ornaments?

    <p>Mate choice initially evolved to select for traits that confer a survival advantage, but later led to a preference for extravagant traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key idea behind Zahavi's 'handicap' hypothesis regarding extravagant male ornaments?

    <p>Extravagant traits are costly to develop and maintain, serving as honest signals of genetic quality, and only males in good condition can fully develop and maintain such ornaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of runaway selection for extravagant male ornaments?

    <p>Over time, offspring are more likely to possess the physical trait and preference for it, leading to extreme sexual dimorphism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the ideas of reproductive success and costs relate to the evolution of male ornaments, according to the text?

    <p>Reproductive success can be achieved through the development of costly traits, but these traits may also incur costs such as flight deficiencies or vulnerability to predators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the inheritance of sexually attractive traits and mate preferences?

    <p>Sons inherit traits that make them sexually attractive, while daughters inherit the majority of mate preferences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of anisogamy (unequal gamete size) relate to the ideas of reproductive success and sex roles discussed in the text?

    <p>The text does not discuss the concept of anisogamy or how it relates to reproductive success and sex roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Zahavi's handicap hypothesis, which of the following best explains why females prefer males with handicaps?

    <p>Handicaps serve as indicators of heritable viability and good genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is NOT mentioned in the text as an indicator of genetic quality?

    <p>Large body size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do males typically provide minimal parental care compared to females?

    <p>Males have smaller gametes and invest less energy in reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of Zahavi's handicap hypothesis?

    <p>Handicaps may reduce the overall fitness of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is most likely to be a costly signal indicating genetic quality?

    <p>A bright plumage pattern in a bird species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the asymmetry in parental investment principle, which of the following statements is TRUE?

    <p>Females invest more energy in gamete production than males.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes cooperatively polyandrous groups?

    <p>A single female copulates with multiple males during a breeding season, and they cooperate to raise the offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor driving sexual dimorphism, according to the text?

    <p>Sexual selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In species where females produce more eggs, how does sexual dimorphism tend to manifest?

    <p>Larger females are favored, reflecting fecundity selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of female choice in intersexual competition?

    <p>Females choose mates based on certain traits, driving sexual selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ornaments in the context of mate choice by females?

    <p>Ornaments are traits or features that often correlate with health and vitality, which females may prioritize when selecting mates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, what can be inferred about walrus tusks?

    <p>Tusks are found in both male and female walruses, with males typically having longer and wider tusks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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