Sexual Development and Freud's Theory

Sexual Development According to Life Stages

• Sexual development is considered across different periods, from childhood to old age.
• Freud's theory of psychosexual development explains the development process of sexual instinct (libido). Libido is among life's instincts, continuing throughout life; thereby 'psychosexual development'.
• The id, ego, and superego constitute layers of the human mind that are located together but function on different planes.
  • The id is the starting point of pleasure-based desires and energy that is persistent.
  • The ego meets the needs of id with reality, balances the id with defense mechanisms, balances id and superego while providing personal security.
  • The supergo internalizes the father figure and cultural norms and is in conflict with the id, keeping taboos alive by being aggressive against the id.
• According to Freud, personality foundations are laid in the first years of life, which becomes difficult to change, and therefore must shape behavior accordingly.
• Freud divided the process of psychosexual development into five stages, which reflect the id's search for satisfaction.
• The stages cannot be strictly separated as each stage affects the other in an orderly fashion.
• Freud’s psychosexual stages include:
  • Oral (0-1.5 years)
  • Anal (1.5-3 years)
  • Phallic (3-6 years)
  • Latent (6-11 years)
  • Genital (12-18 years)

Childhood Period: Oral Stage (0 - 1.5 years)

• Eating, speaking, and toilet training occur during this period, which is when the child connects with the outside world through the mouth.
• The baby begins to develop a sense of trust, and trusting relationships lead to similar relationships with other people throughout life.
• The baby's libido and satisfaction come orally through the mouth, lips, and tongue, including teeth and jaw.
• All needs and wishes of the baby are focused on the mouth, which becomes the focal point of arousal.
• First sexual stimulation occurs during bathing and diaper changes.
• The pressure and movement are pleasurable sensations.
• Babies may accidentally touch genitals and try to relive the sensation when hand-arm movement is better controlled.
• Baby boys are more prone to touching their genitals than girls, because of greater difficulty for girls to access genitals.
• Parental uncomfortableness worries some and is abnormal, as touching a baby's genitals is healthy.

Childhood Period: Anal Stage (1.5 - 3 years)

• The source of satiety of libido shifts from oral and feeding activities to bowel and defecation processes where the focus of arousal is anus.
• Voluntary sphincter control allows a rapid change from passive to active state.
• The anal period becomes a period of gaining independence as well as conflicting with parental control.
• Children gain the ability to make purposeful movements in which they take pleasure in gaining control in opposite voluntary movements like pick-throw and hold-release.
• The child feels pleasure holding or releasing feces inside.
• The most enjoyable thing is to determine when to defecate or not.
• Holding stools and making bowels whenever and wherever attracts attention from the environment which attracts rewards.
• Judgments are now confronted about good and bad.
• Preventing children from bowel movements through shouting, anger, and scolding creates the opposite effect.
• They will try again later with guilt.
• Healthy communication through families help prevent the feeling shame about sexuality later in life and establish peace with the characteristics of their own sex.
• Proper completion results in personal autonomy, independence, and business acumen.
• Rigid toilet training can manifest into self-contempt, stubbornness, superior reading comprehension, frugality, and stinginess later in life.

Childhood Period: Phallic (Odipal) Stage (3 - 6 years)

• Children begin to perceive the existence of themselves and the outside world, begin to understand that there are two genders and ask "why is this a girl/boy?".
• Children get to know their bodies more and develop emotions towards them that can be positive or negative, the pleasure zone is the genitals and their surroundings and are extremely interested in sex for which genitals are the focus of arousal.
• Curiosity will naturally disappear when there is open communication from parents naming body parts.
• Five important thoughts during this stage can cause mental issues.
  • What I think is known and seen by everyone.
  • Thought and action are the same thing.
  • If I thought about it, I did it
  • If I did, I'm guilty.
  • If I am guilty, I will definitely be punished.
• The Child feels a sexual affinity for the oppositie sex parent; same-sex parents try to emulate them by being nice.
  • Child changes sexual preferences with the girl resembling her mother, and boys resembling their father.
• The girl tries to win her father's favor while the boy tries to win his mother's favor, often leading to attacks.
  • Boys, as such, have the Oedipus Complex.
  • Girls have the Electra Complex.

Oedipus Complex

• The boy approaches the mother with love, races with the father, identifies/hates the father leading to important internal conflict.
• The penis is not sexually important at this age but important for self-sense.
• The penis is equivalent to the body and symbolizes the whole.
• Unresolved issues up to the age of 6 are suppressed into the unconscious, which reactivates during adolescence.
• Unresolved complexes affect relationship with masturbation, and creation of stress and depressions.
• Complex issues must be taken with the following:
  • Loving parents and children should exist with no mother or father getting in the way of the children.
  • This bond with the mother must break as the child matures, and the father must value his son and his time.
  • This results in the son developing a strong affinity to stay loyal with his father, and may even break with the mother for his father's sake.
  • The partner must be aware of these 3 conditions.
  • In order to find the girl, the families must allow their children to detach from them and not devalue each other.

The Elektra Complex

• The girl has intense aggressive and sexual impulses toward her parents leading jealousy toward the mother.
• The basic security with the mother is not wanting to be lost.
• The little girl has to both identify with her mother, but also disengage from her, as 5 factors are similar to those of a boy.
  • Parents must love the Electra-complex child.
  • Must be a healthy mother and daughter relationship where respect exists between both.
  • The mother must support this.
  • If all these things are successful, a partner exists allowing the relationship with the mother to detach appropriately and find a new significant other by marital games.

Phallic (Odipal) Period - Electra Complex Activated Situations:

• The complexes may be activated in marriage, when the wife becomes pregnant, when the wife gives birth, or behavior/appearance alterations with partner.

Phallic (Odipal) Period: Man's Pay-Off as Result of Attachment:

• Erectile dysfunction
• Premature ejaculation before or as soon as reaching vagina
• Sexual Aversion, Weakness
• Fear and aversion to sexual activity and pain
• Urinary Issues.
• Anxiety and attacks due to the above.

Phallic (Odipal) Period: Effects in Women

• Dyspareunia, no sexuality, or frigidity.
• Orgasm difficulties due to disorders.

Latency/Implicit - Latent Period (6 - 11 years)

• Period of Oedipus complex resolution which makes the sexual drive inactive or silent.
• Sexual identity and roles combine and reinfornce each other.
• Control of the instinctive urges allow further growth of self (ego) and potential.
• In latency and during this phase of training, pleasure is gained by directing it towards different objects than sexual objects.
• This is a period where first love attempts emerge between genders for platonic relationships.
• Admiration of the opposite gender or opting for a partner is often a focus during this period.

Genital Period (12 - 18 years)

• Hormones increase during physiological maturity, in which as a result, sexual urges increase again as a result.
• Rapid change and development reveals what was hidden before.
• The genitals become what dictates arousal.

Puberty

• Adolescence is an important period where psychological and physical changes occur. This process involves physical and functional changes to the reproductive cycle for personality maturation.

Adolescent Period

• Puberty makes it tougher to set limits on physical, social and mental development.
• Early adolescence occurrs approximately 11-15 years of age.
  • Physical and psychological development occur.
  • Anxiety increases, and a difficulty for catching up and foreignization dominate bodies with low self-esteem.
• Middle Adolescences occur approximately 14-17 years of age.
  • Intense emotion comes with physical changes nears completion.
  • Independence and personality are formed.
  • Acceptance replaces the confusion and fear experienced from previous states.
  • Experimenting with desires starts and decrease in aggression in observed.
• Late Adolescence starts 16-17 years and up where individuality is seen.
  • Doubt disappears and identity matures within the personality.

Female Sexuality in Adulthood

• The place and responsibilities of women in society change with adulthood, and the process is affected by partner and social role.
• As a result, women can experience and enjoy sexuality comfortably.
• First experiences often occur within the first night of marriage within similar countries to the presenter’s.
• The woman’s pleasure and getting to know one’s self often increase, as sexuality is a learned act and adulthood with healthy experiences increases sexual pleasure.
• With such knowledge, positive perception results in faster sexual development.

Adult Women: Sexual, Pregnancy and Infertility

• Aspects include:
  • Sexual life during pregnancy.
  • Puerperium Sexual Life.
  • Sexual Life in Infertility.

Pregnancy and Sexual Life

• Pregnancy and sex often does not often stop.
• Its not often asked about, but it is most spoken about when there is a problem.
• Sexuality is not limited to intercourse, but is a wide range of activities where closeness and intimacy are sustained.
• There are prejudices such as harming the baby and sexual intercourse during pregnancy, and sexual intercourse leads to premature birth/miscarriage.
• If there are no risky pregnancies, then sexuality and sexual intercourse cannot be claimed to be harmful to the baby.
• Pleasure is desired as it can help makes the mother feel better and connect the people together.
• As for factors, they are both psychological and physiological.
  • Psychological factors include image to stress, fear of harming the baby, and inability to do with motherhood.
  • General health may causes issues such as fatigue, headaches, sleep disorders.
  • An increased amount of flow leads secretion and increased arousal.
• There are myths that harm pregnancy, while socioculture is a factor.

Modern vs Traditional on Sexual Intercourse During Pregnancy

• In old literature, sex and intercourse were not advocated for to avoid birth defects.
• Today, new literature has deemed intercourse during pregnancy can continue but prevented if medical problems persist.

When to avoid sexual intercourse during pregnancy:

• Recurrent miscarriage in a previous pregnancy.
• Premature birth or cervical insufficiency.
• Vaginal bleeding.
• Infection.
• Sexual issues with partner, or sex transmitted.

Puerperium and Sexuality

• Prejudices apply to the post-partum birth as birth is a cultural, varying and religious.
• It is very important to recover after birth and adjust in role as mother.
  • As such, this is hormone related in the changes in breast feading and problems with desire through pleasure.
  • Finding value and the ability to want and perform during recovery.

Puerperium Aspects Affecting Sexuality

• Decreased desire - often from hormonal changes.
• Altered sense of self.
  • Women are often tired or periods may cause less sex.
  • This might cause dryness and may hinder intercourse.
  • Women often desire to be attractive, love it by the way she sees them.

Impact of Infertility in Sexuality

• Can occur to a marrital relationship, function, and satisfaction. With both can happen which the necessities for intercourse happens, then there is lost passion and the relationship is more of a textbook to make it like a homework to accomplish.
• Those who are in the state may see themselves at inadequate. But what this phase needs to be is understanding the couples with:
  • Be prepared for sexual desires an uncomfortable relationship.
  • And reproduction.
  • These questions could lead to difficult times and issues.
  • In some cases failure will lead to a decreased interest in relationship altogether.
• These can further depress the state with sexual desire.
• Poor images and other physical states can affect the outcome.

Impacts Infertility on Men

• Men are often the cause of erectile and ejaculation issues, leading to both women and men to being affected.

Male Infertility: Men’s Sex Life & Health

• These aspects of men’s sex life should be analyzed, like sexual performance, desires, or any negative emotions due to:
  • Poor ejaculation
  • Unnatural feelings
  • Low satisfaction
  • Negative hormones due to aging

Male Infertility: Factors of Testicles / and Varicoceles:

• Common conditions can lead to confusion during infertility diagnosis.
• Testicles are organs in the ingunal canal can go up/down but need them in the scrum.
• 3-4 % rate can be seen in males and can often lead to lack of testicles.
• It often leads to testicular issues at times such as dysplasia. After it may make easy to find with the scrotum. To be sure of infertility, often examination are needed.

Male Infertility: Testicular Treatment

• Timely matters on infertility with the exam with a pediatrician for boys is basic for diagnosis. It is treatable as a timely matter and examination at the early stages. They should be examined regularly during infancy.
• As for Varococele it is by abnormal varicose by enlarging the superficial veins, however, it should form together well.

Varicocele (Affecting Veins)

• Can be affected in the veins, known to dilate by the testicles from the scrotum, and it is recognised in torture with a palpation and ultrasound.
• Factor is a risk it to occurs with puberty 10-15 years, is rate to have in the old and it needs surgery.
• The parameters improve up to 70percent when with the patients after fertility is 40 -50. At times not too serious is not harmful but it does matter and should get treatment.

Climatetricum, Menopause, and Andropause Issues

• Old age should often not be overlooked as the state can decline.
• The word means staircase and often indicates life important.
• Its often periods of life moving toward, from reproduce to those of which there is decline from ovarial function, and the more prominent event is often this transitional state by entering menopause.
• The process includes several points like the stages.

Climaterium and Menopause

• Can often include perimenepes and after it is fully done known as the post.
• Is often described through the use of lack of ability to Ovarial function. To ensure the best results.
• The menopause results over a period of times through depletion of follice activity.

Menopause Transisions

• The transitions of menopause can often occur into various aspects and levels.
• The Early periods or the Late aspects that can range to Cardiovascular to vasocumla.
• The stages and signs will affect sexuality.

Changes Affecting Sex in these Phases

• They will be the results of:
  • Estrogen deficiency and how to help.
  • Androgen deficiency.
  • Chronic diseases and treatments.
  • Body/function changes.

Sex-Changes During the States

• Androgens can direct an increased hormone and motivation though to not be.
• Estrogen functions and libido change which is not great for sex.
• There should be more of a focus is in getting a proper diagnosis

How to deal with the lack of Changes

• Be active and go for more with being open.
• Help the parts that it gets through.
• Estrogen is there to help.

Loss Of Feeling of what to do

• Estrogen causes blood flow and in any of those cases it can fix and be as helpful to foreplay, the woman can increase arousal by asking her partner to touch for a longer period of time.
• If only sexual problems from the above.
• You can see the above causes.

For loss of the want it and all.

• Be honest and understand yourself this time before jumping. As well be respectful to the state. Attitude can dictate issues.
• FDA has proved that Clitoral vacuum for treating vaginal flow and orgasm to be helpful.

Helpfulness

• Team members should ensure that information is given and understood, making the partners included. Such the topics that lead the couple so that they are supported with no worries or thoughts. As such, it can be:
  • Help in self-esteem
  • Relationship
• For the overall goal to be for long treatment to make change, it can take time to help.

What are treatments

• One can bring sexual fantasies by touching but most of all helping to stimulate the mind this time around. To often with partners help the body by caressing and being close.

Treatment advice for this

• If vaginal issues or dryness may recommend lubrics or other ointents. PH based products to prevent infection. For more serious medical problems seek for other solutions.

Male-Age-Sexing-Related

Causes range from the partner not being present and that. The problems with health leading to low interested and less use of the medicine. This lead to less with it.

Arousal & Systems

• Age and systems have some links with the changes within people through. Decrease with the nervous is for a longer process of changes.

The Ejaculatory & Horminal

In those issues the best bet is to seek help as the system causes this all. Sex through can result in all that to change hormone for.

Age to Hormones

Sex hormones determine everything as such: A dip in hormones results in : - Lower Sex Drive Can effect body. As both to look for health over age, and make help to those in need. The decline result in more things as that the age increases. And at all with what the body’s doing.

Some things to help.

• Get in touch and what people use.
• Follow what can help you at all.
• Support groups with all of it.

Important in Older People

The biggest to remind people do, is that sexual need to understand others. As both what is needed and that can be done, which in cases, get help. To remember to take care those you love.

Summary

As for the world's, sex exists and to look for needs and all ages is needed. For some if it gets in touch that people may face issues they need to learn it.

• Always work to do what is.