90 Questions
What is the term for a condition caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood?
Hypoxia
Which of the following is an example of lack of oxygen as a cause of hypoxia?
A build-up of carbon monoxide in a closed room
In a breathing emergency, what is a common symptom that indicates abnormal breathing rhythm?
Rapid breathing rate
Which situation can lead to blocked airways in a casualty?
Choking on a foreign object like food
What is the term for an illness that causes abnormal heart and lung function leading to breathing emergencies?
Pneumonia
Why is recognizing a breathing emergency quickly crucial for a first aider?
To prevent hypoxia and tissue damage
What should you instruct the casualty to do after taking a deep breath when using an MDI?
Hold their breath for 10 seconds
When using a spacer with an inhaler, what purpose does the spacer serve?
Traps particles of the medication to allow for more effective inhalation
Why should you advise the casualty to breathe normally after using an MDI?
To prevent the medication from being expelled
If a casualty is gasping for air after using an inhaler, what should be used to help them inhale more effectively?
Spacer
Why is it important to wait at least 30-60 seconds before repeating the steps if more doses are needed?
To let the first dose take effect
What should a casualty do if they complain of throat irritation after using an inhaler?
Gargle or rinse the mouth with water
What is the purpose of an abdominal thrust in first aid?
To force air from the lungs up the airway
Why is it important to position the wheelchair against a wall when providing first aid for a choking casualty in a wheelchair?
To prevent the wheelchair from moving
How should abdominal thrusts be administered to a conscious choking casualty in a wheelchair?
Using the heel of one hand on the center of the breastbone
Why is it advised to keep forearms off the abdomen when performing abdominal thrusts?
To prevent potential injury to the casualty
What should be done if a different method of giving abdominal thrusts has been demonstrated by a healthcare professional?
Adopt the recommended method shown
In what situation should you repeat back blows and abdominal or chest thrusts during first aid for choking?
Until you see a visible object being removed
What should be done if the only auto-injector available is expired?
Administer it only if the indicated liquid remains clear
Where should the EpiPen® be used on the casualty's body?
On the fleshy part of the mid-outer thigh
What should be done if a casualty shows no improvement within 5 minutes after the first dose?
Administer a second dose if available
How long should the auto-injector be held in place after activation?
Hold it for several seconds after activation
Why is it important to avoid having a casualty sit or stand immediately after using an auto-injector?
To avoid causing a drop in blood pressure
When should medical help be sought after administering an EpiPen®?
Immediately after administering the injection
What is anaphylaxis?
A severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening
What is a common early sign of an allergy?
Sneezing and a runny nose
When does anaphylaxis usually happen?
Within seconds, minutes, or hours of a substance entering the body
What is the recommended first aid for a severe allergic reaction?
Assist with an epinephrine auto-injector and seek medical help
Why is anaphylaxis considered a medical emergency?
Because it involves difficulty in breathing and can be life-threatening
What is the significance of the timing of the body's reaction in an allergic response?
The earlier the reaction, the less severe the symptoms
What are signs of ineffective breathing?
Breathing rhythm is irregular
How does the body respond to a lack of oxygen?
By breathing deeper
What is the first aid step for ineffective breathing?
Sending or going for medical help
Which condition indicates ineffective breathing during first aid?
The lips, ears, and fingernail beds turn blue
How should a responsive casualty be positioned during first aid for ineffective breathing?
In a semi-sitting position if possible
What causes the body to breathe faster and deeper in response to oxygen deprivation?
Not enough oxygen reaching the body's tissues
What is a distinguishing feature of a severe asthma attack?
Wheezing and coughing
Which of the following is a potential cause of hypoxia?
Blocked airways in a casualty
What distinguishes Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) from asthma?
Presence of nasal prongs for oxygen delivery
In what way can chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) casualties be identified?
Struggling to breathe and using supplemental oxygen
What distinguishes between a mild and a severe asthma attack?
Fatal consequences and immediate first aid requirement
What is a common symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Presence of thick mucus in airway passage
What are the signs of a severe obstruction in a choking adult or child?
Inability to speak, weak or no coughing, high-pitched noise or no noise when trying to breathe, grey face and blue lips and ears
What is the immediate action to take if a mild obstruction while choking lasts for a few minutes?
Seek medical help
What should be done if a choking casualty cannot cough forcefully, speak, or breathe?
Perform back blows followed by abdominal thrusts
How should abdominal thrusts be correctly administered in first aid for a choking adult or child?
Give five forceful inward and upward abdominal thrusts using a fist placed on the abdomen at the belly button
What is the recommended immediate action if a choking casualty becomes unconscious during first aid?
Call for medical help and get an AED if available
When should back blows and abdominal thrusts be repeated if the obstruction is not cleared during first aid for choking?
If the object is not removed after initial attempts
Why is it recommended to use an expired auto-injector if the indicated liquid remains clear?
Using an expired auto-injector is a last resort if no other options are available
Why should an EpiPen® be used only on the fleshy part of the mid-outer thigh?
The thigh muscle allows for better dispersion of medication
Why is it important to pull the EpiPen® straight out after administering it to a casualty?
Minimize contact with the needle to avoid infection
What should be done if an individual who received an EpiPen® shows no improvement within 5 minutes?
Immediately seek medical help if their condition worsens
Why should individuals experiencing faintness or dizziness be placed flat on their back after using an EpiPen®?
To improve blood circulation to the brain and vital organs
Why is it crucial to keep a casualty warm after administering an EpiPen®?
To prevent hypothermia from the shock of the allergic reaction
What is the main purpose of abdominal thrusts in first aid for choking?
To force air from the lungs up the airway
Why is it important to make each abdominal thrust a strong and sudden movement?
To dislodge the obstruction effectively
When providing first aid for a choking casualty in a wheelchair, what should be done if you cannot reach around the wheelchair?
Give back blows between the shoulder blades
Why are back blows given to a choking casualty between the shoulder blades?
To mimic a cough reflex
In what situation should chest thrusts be given when providing first aid for a choking casualty in a wheelchair?
If back blows are ineffective
How can abdominal thrusts help a choking individual in a wheelchair who cannot be reached from behind?
By dislodging the obstruction effectively
What is the main factor that determines the severity of an allergic reaction according to the text?
The type of allergen encountered
In a severe allergic reaction, what is a common sign that may indicate the casualty's blood pressure is dropping?
Anxiety and sense of impending doom
What is a key difference between a typical allergic reaction and anaphylaxis?
Onset time after exposure to allergen
What is a crucial step in managing a severe allergic reaction, as highlighted in the text?
Placing the casualty in a comfortable position for breathing
What can trigger anaphylaxis aside from exposure to a substance the casualty is sensitive to?
No known cause
Why is swift medical attention critical in cases of anaphylaxis?
To manage potentially life-threatening symptoms
What are signs of ineffective breathing as mentioned in the text?
Breathing rate is too fast or too slow and the person is sweating
What is the first aid for ineffective breathing according to the text?
Send or go for medical help and position the responsive casualty semi-sitting
How does the body respond when not getting enough oxygen as stated in the text?
With rapid and deep breathing along with signs like sweating
What are some signs of effective breathing mentioned in the text?
The person showing signs of alertness and relaxation
Why is it crucial to recognize a breathing emergency quickly based on the text?
To provide appropriate first aid promptly
How can ineffective breathing be identified according to the text?
By observing breathing rate, depth, rhythm, and other related signs
Which illness can lead to severe breathing difficulties and includes symptoms of shortness of breath and struggling to breathe?
Congestive heart failure
What group of respiratory conditions is described by the term 'Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease'?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
What condition involves repeated shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing, and can be managed by the casualty in a mild attack but may require immediate first aid in a severe attack?
Asthma
What can trigger a severe asthma attack where the person's airway spasms, swells, and secretes thick mucus, narrowing the air passage?
A 'trigger'
In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), what do some people use in cases of more serious COPD to aid in breathing?
Nasal prongs
What term is used to describe an illness that causes reactive airway symptoms like repeated shortness of breath, characterized by wheezing and coughing?
Allergies
What immediate action should be taken if a baby starts turning blue and is unable to breathe or cough forcefully during a choking incident?
Give the baby back blows and chest thrusts
What should be done if a mild obstruction during choking lasts for more than a few minutes?
Send for medical help
During first aid for a choking infant, what is the appropriate number of chest thrusts to give after back blows?
Five chest thrusts
What should be done if a baby becomes unconscious during a choking incident?
Send for medical help
When providing first aid for a choking infant, what position should the baby be in for giving back blows?
Face-down position
What is the immediate action after giving the first 30 chest compressions in first aid for a choking infant?
Check the mouth for foreign objects
What is the purpose of an abdominal thrust in first aid for a choking casualty?
To force air from the lungs up the airway
Why is it recommended to position the wheelchair against a wall when providing first aid for a choking casualty in a wheelchair?
To create a stable base for performing back blows and thrusts
What distinguishes chest thrusts from abdominal thrusts in first aid for a choking casualty?
Chest thrusts aim to push the diaphragm down, while abdominal thrusts push it up
Why is it important to repeat back blows and abdominal or chest thrusts during first aid for a choking casualty?
To continue clearing the airway until breathing becomes normal
How should chest thrusts be correctly administered in first aid for a choking adult or child?
With both hands on the chest at the center of the breastbone
Why is it advised to use the recommended method if shown a different way of giving abdominal thrusts by a healthcare professional?
To ensure consistency and prevent incorrect technique
Test your knowledge about severe allergic reactions, particularly anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening condition that can occur within seconds of exposure to an allergen. Learn about the symptoms, causes, and treatment of severe allergic reactions.
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