Session 3: Prevention of Disabilities

Measures taken to prevent the occurrence of disability by addressing underlying conditions and promoting healthy practices. This involves actions like providing education on healthy lifestyles, promoting vaccination, and offering prenatal care.

Steps aimed at preventing the progression of an impairment into a disability. This involves early intervention, timely treatment of conditions, and managing existing impairments effectively.

Programs designed to help individuals with disabilities regain lost function, adapt to their limitations, and participate fully in society. This includes rehabilitation, assistive technology, and support services.

Congenital malformations are abnormalities present at birth, often caused by genetic factors or environmental influences during pregnancy. These can affect various parts of the body leading to disabilities.

Congenital hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough hormones from birth, leading to developmental delays and cognitive issues. It requires lifelong treatment with medication.

Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. It results in characteristic physical features and varying degrees of learning disabilities.

Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder affecting red blood cells, causing them to become rigid and crescent-shaped. This leads to chronic anemia, pain, and potential organ damage.

Diabetes mellitus can cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially in newborns. If untreated, this can lead to brain damage and long-term developmental problems.

Meningitis is an infection affecting the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. If left untreated, it can cause brain damage and disabilities.

Cerebral malaria is a severe complication of malaria affecting the brain. It can lead to seizures, coma, and lasting neurological damage.

Neonatal jaundice, if untreated, can lead to kernicterus - a condition where bilirubin builds up in the brain, causing brain damage and developmental issues.

Actions taken to reduce the occurrence of an impairment, preventing it from even developing in the first place.

Measures designed to stop an impairment from turning into a disability. Early detection and treatment are key.

Actions focused on minimizing the impact of a disability on an individual's life. This includes rehabilitation, assistive technology, and support services.

Improving agricultural practices, nutrition education, and access to clean water and sanitation.

Providing vaccinations and educating the public about preventable diseases.

Early detection of conditions that predict disability, like identifying potential vision or hearing impairments.

Providing appropriate care to prevent chronic impairment from developing, such as managing acute illnesses effectively.

Treatments and interventions for long-term conditions like epilepsy or psychosis to manage the impact of the impairment.

Improving access to nutritious food through agricultural initiatives and education.

Implementing public education programs about safe driving practices and pedestrian safety.

A disability is a result of an impairment that restricts activity and participation.

Primary prevention aims to stop disabilities before they occur by preventing the causes.

Secondary prevention aims to detect and manage disabilities early to minimize their impact.

Tertiary prevention aims to reduce complications and improve quality of life for people with existing disabilities.

Malnutrition, accidents, and diseases are all common causes of disabilities.

Neonatal jaundice, epilepsy, and malnutrition are all examples of non-infectious diseases that can lead to disabilities.

Tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, and measles are all infectious diseases that can lead to disabilities.

Excessive drug use and chronic alcohol consumption can lead to mental and psychological issues, contributing to disability.