Session 3: Prevention of Disabilities

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of proper care in the acute stage to prevent subsequent disability?

Managing a patient with an epileptic fit

Addressing symptoms of psychosis

Performing surgery for chronic arthritis (correct)

Identifying a person with a hearing problem

What is the primary goal of secondary prevention in relation to disabilities?

Identifying impairments that might lead to disability (correct)

Improving the delivery of primary health care

Preventing the recurrence of handicaps

Training and rehabilitation of the disabled

Which condition is typically associated with chronic stage care in the context of disability prevention?

Treatment of tuberculosis (T.B.) (correct)

Mental retardation

Epilepsy management during a seizure

Acute asthma attack

Which statement best describes tertiary prevention in the context of disabilities?

It involves training and rehabilitation to prevent handicap recurrence. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage reduction in the occurrence of disability/handicap can effective measures in care potentially achieve?

20-30% Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases does poliomyelitis classify as when discussing causes of disabilities?

Infectious Diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of measles infection?

Paralysis Signup and view all the answers

In which level of prevention are early detection and intervention strategies employed?

Secondary Prevention Signup and view all the answers

Chronic excessive alcohol consumption primarily leads to what type of functional degeneration?

Cognitive and Psychological Functions Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is linked to both environmental deprivation and child abuse in causing disabilities?

Developmental Delays Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of tertiary prevention in the context of disabilities?

Reduce the severity of the disability's complications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct consequence of neonatal jaundice?

Kernicterus and brain damage Signup and view all the answers

How can severe and prolonged malnutrition affect an individual?

It can cause mental retardation. Signup and view all the answers

Which action is an example of primary prevention?

Community education about accident prevention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of secondary prevention measures?

To identify and address potential disabilities early Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes tertiary prevention?

Treating chronic conditions to prevent further disability Signup and view all the answers

Which measure would NOT be categorized as a primary prevention action?

Screening programs for early detection of impairments Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of secondary prevention regarding communicable diseases?

Early detection and management of illness Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates tertiary prevention?

Treating epilepsy to prevent further impairment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention measure for road traffic accidents?

Educational campaigns on safe driving Signup and view all the answers

What type of measure addresses proper care of impairments in the acute stage?

Early intervention for mental retardation Signup and view all the answers

Which of these strategies is most aimed at preventing home accidents?

Community education on safety practices Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'tertiary prevention' specifically address?

Reducing the impact of disabilities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is primarily congenital and is characterized by underdevelopment and retarded brain functions?

Congenital hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue caused by Down's syndrome?

Mental retardation and unique physical features Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to brain damage due to acute infection?

Cerebral malaria Signup and view all the answers

How can measles infection impact a child's health?

Lead to encephalopathy and blindness Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of chronic tuberculosis infections?

Malfunction of affected organs and structures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an acquired, non-infectious disease that can lead to severe disability?

Diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is linked to abnormal red blood cells, causing chronic anemia?

Sickle cell disease Signup and view all the answers

What can neonatal jaundice lead to if left untreated?

Kernicterus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Session No. 3: Prevention of Disabilities

Topic: Prevention of Disabilities
Time: 1 hour
Materials: Chalk, chalkboard, handouts
Activity: Introduction

Approach

Introduction: 5 Minutes
Self-Introduction (if necessary)
Topic: "Prevention of Disabilities"
Objectives: At the end of the session, the student should be able to:
- State the general causes of handicapping conditions/impairments
- Discuss the prevention of disabilities

Pre-test

Randomly ask the students the following questions from the student manual:
- What are the general causes of impairment?
- How do you prevent disabilities?
- Recommend answers
- Reassure those with wrong answers that they will soon acquire the knowledge

Lecture/ Discussion on General Causes of Handicapping Conditions

Time: 40 Minutes
State the general causes of handicapping conditions/impairments as follows:
- Congenital/Heredity:
  - Congenital malformation of any part of the body;
  - Congenital hypothyroidism where there is under secretion of the thyroid gland resulting to brain development and functions;
  - Down's syndrome - here, due to chromosomal abnormalities the child is born with peculiar physical features and mental retardation;
  - Sickle cell - Here the red blood cells are abnormal and get easily haemolised resulting to chronic anaemia and pains in different parts of the body;
  - Diabetes mellitus can cause hypoglycaemia which can cause brain damage.
(B) Acquired Diseases (acute or chronic) -Infectious Diseases: -These infectious diseases (acute or chronic) affect the anatomy or functions of the body (physiology). -Meningitis affects the coverings of the brain and can lead to brain damage. -Cerebral Malaria can affect the brain, leading to brain damage.

Tertiary Prevention

This involves the training and rehabilitation of the disabled. This is to prevent the occurrence of handicaps in this order.

Evaluation

Time: 5 Minutes
Invite questions from students
Allow other students to answer questions
Provide answers to questions that students cannot answer
Ask the following questions:
- State some causes of disabilities
- Mention the 6 types of disabilities
- Describe primary prevention of disabilities
- Define secondary prevention of disabilities
- Define tertiary prevention of disabilities
- Comment correct answers
- Correct wrong answers

Summary

Time: 5 Minutes
Briefly go over the session, highlighting areas of weakness identified during evaluation.

Preferences

Helander E., Mendis E., Nelson G: Training the Disabled in the Community, WHO 1980.

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Description

In this session, students will explore the various causes of disabilities and learn effective strategies for prevention. The objectives include identifying key impairments and discussing methods to reduce the risk of disabilities. This interactive session will encourage participation and enhance understanding of critical concepts.