Service Mashups and SaaS Overview
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What is workload isolation in a virtualized system primarily aimed at improving?

  • Security and reliability (correct)
  • User interface design
  • Network speed
  • Resource utilization

    • A virtual machine's state includes only the user software it runs.

    False

    Name one notable virtual machine monitor (VMM) platform.

    VMWare

    An application combined with the environment needed to run it is referred to as a __________.

    <p>virtual appliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following VMM platforms to their characteristics:

    <p>VMWare = Widely used in enterprise environments Xen = Open-source and highly customizable KVM = Linux kernel-based virtualization Hyper-V = Microsoft's virtualization platform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique allows a VM to be migrated to a different platform?

    <p>Application mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virtual appliances improve the complexity of software customization and configuration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does encapsulation in a virtual machine enable?

    <p>Suspension, serialization, and migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the optimization step in the Seven-Step Model of Migration into the Cloud?

    <p>Mitigating identified migration risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Migration risks are solely related to security concerns when migrating to the cloud.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one issue related to compliance that must be addressed during cloud migration.

    <p>Governance issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of identifying migration risks is included in the step of __________ in the Seven-Step Model.

    <p>Testing and validating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following migration risk categories with their descriptions:

    <p>General Migration Risks = Issues like performance monitoring and business continuity Security-related Migration Risks = Concerns related to data protection and compliance Quality of Service (QoS) = Parameters ensuring service delivery meets standards Vendor Lock-in = Challenges due to lack of portability and interoperability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a general migration risk?

    <p>User authentication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SaaS paradigm is experiencing slow growth due to limited capabilities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym SaaS stand for?

    <p>Software as a Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a service mashup?

    <p>A combination of various services into a complex application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All service providers make their service APIs privately accessible.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Programmable Web?

    <p>A public repository of service APIs and mashups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ computing model allows for the aggregation of distributed resources.

    <p>Grid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following services to their typical uses:

    <p>User Authentication = Access control and identity verification E-mail = Communication and information exchange Payroll Management = Employee payment processing Calendars = Scheduling and time management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of cloud applications built through service compositions?

    <p>Complete dependence on a single vendor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) focuses on standardization for grid systems.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of a service that can be combined in a business solution.

    <p>E-mail or user authentication or payroll management or calendars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature that deters the massive adoption of clouds?

    <p>Cost-effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hybrid clouds are considered a solution for inefficiencies in cloud adoption.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one challenge specific to integration of SaaS applications.

    <p>APIs are insufficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The need to transfer data from on-premise systems poses new challenges in _______.

    <p>integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cloud types with their characteristics:

    <p>Private cloud = Exclusive access and control Hybrid cloud = Combination of public and private Community cloud = Shared infrastructure among organizations Public cloud = Open to anyone with internet access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the impacts of cloud technology on business?

    <p>Relocation of applications to on-demand infrastructures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data Transmission Security is fully managed by SaaS providers without any challenges.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common solution to managing integration in SaaS applications?

    <p>Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the virtual server provisioning process?

    <p>Select a server from a pool of available servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Live migration allows for the movement of a virtual machine while it is powered off.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does P2V stand for in virtualization?

    <p>Physical to Virtual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The virtual server provisioning process requires loading the appropriate __________.

    <p>software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Virtual Machine (VM) = An emulation of a physical computer SLA = Service Level Agreement Cloud Infrastructure = Virtualized resources provided over the internet Middleware = Software that connects different applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of provisioning virtual machines?

    <p>Loading the operating system from an external hard drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most virtualization management vendors provide administration tools that simplify virtual machine management.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be configured when customizing a virtual machine during provisioning?

    <p>IP address and Gateway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Service Mashups

    • In the consumer web, information and services can be programmatically aggregated, forming complex compositions called service mashups.
    • Many service providers, like Amazon, del.icio.us, Facebook, and Google, make their service APIs publicly accessible using standard protocols such as SOAP and REST.

    SaaS Domain

    • Cloud applications in the Software as a Service (SaaS) domain can be built as compositions of other services from the same or different providers.
    • Services such as user authentication, email, payroll management, and calendars are reusable building blocks for business solutions.
    • Public marketplaces offer various building blocks and solutions.
    • Programmable Web is a public repository of service APIs and mashups, listing thousands of APIs and mashups.
    • Combining popular APIs like Google Maps, Flickr, YouTube, Amazon eCommerce, and Twitter creates diverse solutions.
    • Salesforce.com's AppExchange enables sharing solutions developed by third-party developers on Salesforce.com components.

    Grid Computing

    • Grid computing allows aggregation and transparent access to distributed resources.
    • Production grids like TeraGrid and EGEE share compute and storage resources across different administrative domains.
    • Their primary focus is accelerating scientific applications, like climate modeling, drug design, and protein analysis.
    • Web services-based protocols enable the discovery, access, allocation, monitoring, accounting, billing, and management of distributed resources as a single virtual system.
    • The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) addresses standardization by defining core capabilities and behaviors for grid system concerns.

    Virtual Machine Environments

    • A hardware virtualized server can host multiple virtual machines (VMs).
    • Each VM runs distinct operating systems and user-level software stacks.
    • Virtual Machine Monitor (Hypervisor) manages the VMs.

    Workload Management

    • Virtualized systems offer workload isolation, consolidation, and migration.
    • Workload isolation achieved within VMs improves security by confining all program instructions.
    • Software failures within one VM do not affect others, improving reliability.

    Workload Migration

    • Also known as application mobility, workload migration facilitates hardware maintenance, load balancing, and disaster recovery.
    • VMs can be suspended, fully serialized, migrated to different platforms, resumed, or saved for later restoration.

    Virtual Machine Monitor Platforms

    • Several Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) platforms are foundational for utility and cloud computing environments.
    • Notable platforms include VMWare, Xen, and KVM.

    Virtual Appliances and Open Virtualization Format

    • A virtual appliance combines an application with its required environment (operating system, libraries, compilers, databases, application containers, etc.).
    • Packaging applications as virtual appliances simplifies customization, configuration, patching, and improves portability.
    • Appliances often take the form of VM disk images with specified hardware requirements.

    Seven-Step Model of Migration into the Cloud

    • The iterative Seven-step Model of Migration into the Cloud includes: assess, optimize, isolate, test, map, augment, and re-optimize.

    Migration Risks and Mitigation

    • Identifying and mitigating migration risks is a major challenge in cloud migration projects.
    • The Seven-Step Model's testing step helps identify key migration risks.
    • The optimization step addresses risk mitigation approaches.
    • Migration risks are categorized into general and security-related risks.

    General Migration Risks

    • Include performance monitoring and tuning, business continuity and disaster recovery, compliance with standards, IP and licensing issues, service level agreements, data ownership and storage, portability and interoperability, and migration complexity.
    • Include cloud service provider security, data confidentiality and integrity, access control, and compliance with regulations.

    SaaS Paradigm Evolution

    • SaaS is rapidly gaining popularity due to its potential and benefits to executives, entrepreneurs, and end-users.
    • The model faces challenges like controllability, visibility, flexibility, security, privacy, performance, availability, integration, composition, and standards.

    Integration Conundrum

    • SaaS applications offer value but present integration challenges.
    • Most SaaS applications are point solutions targeting a single line of business.
    • APIs are insufficient due to coding requirements and frequent API updates.
    • Data transmission security requires solutions to address data transfer from on-premise systems to SaaS applications hosted outside the client's data center.

    Impacts of Cloud

    • Cloud infrastructures extend the horizon for business applications, events, and data.
    • Applications and services are being moved to elastic, online, and on-demand cloud infrastructures for business, technical, financial, and environmental reasons.

    Cloud Integration Methodologies

    • Excluding custom integration, there are three main types of cloud integration:
      • Application Integration Platforms as a Service (iPaaS): Integration platforms with pre-built connectors, data transformation capabilities, and management tools.
      • Enterprise Service Bus (ESB): Middleware that enables communication and data exchange between applications.
      • Message Queues: Systems for asynchronous communication, allowing for decoupled communication between systems.

    Cloud VM Provisioning Process

    • Server provisioning involves defining server configuration based on organizational requirements, hardware, and software components.
    • Virtual machines can be provisioned manually, by using templates, cloning existing VMs, or importing physical or virtual servers.
    • P2V (Physical to Virtual) tools facilitate virtualizing and provisioning physical servers.
    • Templates can be created from virtualized physical servers or newly built virtual servers.
    • Virtualization management vendors like VMware and ZenServer simplify these tasks.

    Live Migration and High Availability

    • Live migration (hot or real-time migration) involves moving a virtual machine from one physical host to another while it is powered on.
    • Live migration provides high availability for critical applications.

    Managing Virtual Machines in Cloud Infrastructures

    • This section focuses on managing virtual machines in Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds.

    VM Life Cycle

    • The VM life cycle includes provisioning, starting, running, suspending, stopping, and deleting VMs.
    • VMs are provisioned based on service level agreements (SLAs), and released when no longer needed.

    VM Provisioning Steps

    • Select a physical server and OS template.
    • Load the necessary software (OS, device drivers, middleware, applications).
    • Customize and configure the machine (IP address, Gateway, network, storage).
    • Start the virtual server.
    • Virtual machine provisioning involves configuring the virtual machine based on organizational requirements, hardware and software components.

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