Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of ephemeral computing?
What is the primary purpose of ephemeral computing?
- To save data automatically for future sessions
- To provide long-term computing resources
- To enhance cloud storage capabilities
- To utilize temporary resources for specific tasks (correct)
How does ephemeral computing benefit Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
How does ephemeral computing benefit Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
- It allows teams to access features as they are being built (correct)
- It causes more bugs due to limited testing
- It eliminates the need for user feedback
- It restricts testing environments to only production
What characteristic of serverless architectures allows them to handle varying loads seamlessly?
What characteristic of serverless architectures allows them to handle varying loads seamlessly?
- Infinite scaling capabilities through FaaS (correct)
- Dedicated server management
- Fixed resource allocation
- Automatic data archiving
Which of the following best describes 'non-differentiated heavy lifting' in serverless computing?
Which of the following best describes 'non-differentiated heavy lifting' in serverless computing?
What advantage does Firebase have over AWS for building real-time applications?
What advantage does Firebase have over AWS for building real-time applications?
Which aspect of ephemeral environments makes them particularly useful during development and testing?
Which aspect of ephemeral environments makes them particularly useful during development and testing?
Which statement best compares Firebase and AWS?
Which statement best compares Firebase and AWS?
What type of environment is an ephemeral environment also referred to as?
What type of environment is an ephemeral environment also referred to as?
What is the primary focus of creational design patterns?
What is the primary focus of creational design patterns?
Which of the following is a common benefit of using design patterns in software development?
Which of the following is a common benefit of using design patterns in software development?
Which pattern is an example of a creational design pattern?
Which pattern is an example of a creational design pattern?
What defines structural design patterns?
What defines structural design patterns?
What is the main advantage of reusing design patterns?
What is the main advantage of reusing design patterns?
Which of the following principles is NOT one of the four main theoretical principles of object-oriented programming?
Which of the following principles is NOT one of the four main theoretical principles of object-oriented programming?
Which pattern is associated with adapting interfaces of different classes?
Which pattern is associated with adapting interfaces of different classes?
What is the function of the Façade design pattern?
What is the function of the Façade design pattern?
What is a primary responsibility of the Purchasing Service?
What is a primary responsibility of the Purchasing Service?
Which service is responsible for ensuring that products are ordered in the correct quantities?
Which service is responsible for ensuring that products are ordered in the correct quantities?
Which service works directly with the Financial Service to record revenue?
Which service works directly with the Financial Service to record revenue?
What is one of the functions of the Billing Service?
What is one of the functions of the Billing Service?
The Order Service relies on which service to determine stock levels for reordering?
The Order Service relies on which service to determine stock levels for reordering?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Order Service?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Order Service?
How does the Purchasing Service use reporting?
How does the Purchasing Service use reporting?
What aspect is primarily managed by the Logistics Service?
What aspect is primarily managed by the Logistics Service?
What primary role does an API Gateway serve in a microservices architecture?
What primary role does an API Gateway serve in a microservices architecture?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using an API Gateway?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using an API Gateway?
Why should caution be exercised with a single API Gateway in a microservices architecture?
Why should caution be exercised with a single API Gateway in a microservices architecture?
What is the purpose of SSL termination in an API Gateway?
What is the purpose of SSL termination in an API Gateway?
How does an API Gateway handle multiple requests from client applications?
How does an API Gateway handle multiple requests from client applications?
Which aspect of microservices does the API Gateway NOT typically manage?
Which aspect of microservices does the API Gateway NOT typically manage?
In which of the following scenarios is using an API Gateway most beneficial?
In which of the following scenarios is using an API Gateway most beneficial?
What central function does the API Gateway provide regarding microservices?
What central function does the API Gateway provide regarding microservices?
What distinguishes Amazon Kinesis from Apache Kafka?
What distinguishes Amazon Kinesis from Apache Kafka?
What role does Apache Kafka serve in real-time data streaming?
What role does Apache Kafka serve in real-time data streaming?
How does Apache Flink interact with Apache Kafka?
How does Apache Flink interact with Apache Kafka?
What is the main function of the thumbnail creation service described?
What is the main function of the thumbnail creation service described?
What triggers the AWS Lambda function in the thumbnail creation process?
What triggers the AWS Lambda function in the thumbnail creation process?
What is a thumbnail typically used for?
What is a thumbnail typically used for?
What does the Cloud Pub/Sub service do in the thumbnail creation workflow?
What does the Cloud Pub/Sub service do in the thumbnail creation workflow?
When Kafka is upstream in a data architecture including Flink, what is its primary function?
When Kafka is upstream in a data architecture including Flink, what is its primary function?
What is a primary benefit of modeling performance in cloud-based architecture?
What is a primary benefit of modeling performance in cloud-based architecture?
Which feature is essential for integrating security within cloud-based applications?
Which feature is essential for integrating security within cloud-based applications?
What is a key advantage of using asynchronous communication in application integration?
What is a key advantage of using asynchronous communication in application integration?
Why is decoupling applications important in cloud-based architecture?
Why is decoupling applications important in cloud-based architecture?
What role does Amazon SQS serve in distributed systems?
What role does Amazon SQS serve in distributed systems?
What is the primary purpose of application-aware performance monitoring tools?
What is the primary purpose of application-aware performance monitoring tools?
Which of the following describes synchronous communication in application interactions?
Which of the following describes synchronous communication in application interactions?
What is a core objective when designing security into cloud-based applications?
What is a core objective when designing security into cloud-based applications?
What is the purpose of design patterns in software development?
What is the purpose of design patterns in software development?
Which of the following describes what a singleton design pattern accomplishes?
Which of the following describes what a singleton design pattern accomplishes?
What is the primary focus of structural design patterns?
What is the primary focus of structural design patterns?
In the context of design patterns, what does 'instantiating a class' mean?
In the context of design patterns, what does 'instantiating a class' mean?
Which of the following patterns allows different classes to match their interfaces?
Which of the following patterns allows different classes to match their interfaces?
What type of design pattern is characterized by class instantiation issues?
What type of design pattern is characterized by class instantiation issues?
Which design pattern is used to add responsibilities to objects dynamically?
Which design pattern is used to add responsibilities to objects dynamically?
Which term refers to the advantage of reusing design patterns during software development?
Which term refers to the advantage of reusing design patterns during software development?
What is one significant disadvantage of the monolithic architecture?
What is one significant disadvantage of the monolithic architecture?
Which principle emphasizes the importance of simplicity in software design?
Which principle emphasizes the importance of simplicity in software design?
What characteristic defines microservices architecture?
What characteristic defines microservices architecture?
What does the YAGNI principle advise developers to do?
What does the YAGNI principle advise developers to do?
What is a major benefit of using the monolithic architectural approach?
What is a major benefit of using the monolithic architectural approach?
How does the observer pattern relate to behavioral design patterns?
How does the observer pattern relate to behavioral design patterns?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical e-commerce application?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical e-commerce application?
What is a common disadvantage of the monolithic architecture when adding new features?
What is a common disadvantage of the monolithic architecture when adding new features?
What is the main benefit of load balancing in networking?
What is the main benefit of load balancing in networking?
Which load balancer uses DNS to manage traffic routing based on health checks?
Which load balancer uses DNS to manage traffic routing based on health checks?
How does a microservice architecture benefit a traditional POS system?
How does a microservice architecture benefit a traditional POS system?
What is a common challenge with traditional POS systems?
What is a common challenge with traditional POS systems?
Which type of load balancer directs traffic based on application-level decisions?
Which type of load balancer directs traffic based on application-level decisions?
Which strategy should be employed to ensure high availability when using load balancers?
Which strategy should be employed to ensure high availability when using load balancers?
What is a key advantage of a microservices architecture over a monolithic architecture?
What is a key advantage of a microservices architecture over a monolithic architecture?
What characteristic distinguishes microservices from traditional applications?
What characteristic distinguishes microservices from traditional applications?
What is the primary role of the Purchasing Service in a POS system?
What is the primary role of the Purchasing Service in a POS system?
Which of the following accurately describes the Order Service responsibilities?
Which of the following accurately describes the Order Service responsibilities?
How does the Billing Service generate invoices?
How does the Billing Service generate invoices?
Which service does the Order Service integrate with to update stock levels?
Which service does the Order Service integrate with to update stock levels?
What type of reporting is provided by the Purchasing Service?
What type of reporting is provided by the Purchasing Service?
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Order Service?
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Order Service?
What primary function does the Billing Service perform regarding customer payments?
What primary function does the Billing Service perform regarding customer payments?
Which service does the POS Console Service communicate with to manage customer information?
Which service does the POS Console Service communicate with to manage customer information?
What role does the Billing Service play concerning customer orders?
What role does the Billing Service play concerning customer orders?
Which service ensures that the right products are ordered in the correct quantities?
Which service ensures that the right products are ordered in the correct quantities?
What capability does the Inventory Management feature of the POS Console Service provide?
What capability does the Inventory Management feature of the POS Console Service provide?
Which statement accurately describes the integration of the Billing Service?
Which statement accurately describes the integration of the Billing Service?
What role does the Payment Processing Service play in the context of the POS Console Service?
What role does the Payment Processing Service play in the context of the POS Console Service?
What is one of the reporting functions provided by the Billing Service?
What is one of the reporting functions provided by the Billing Service?
Which of the following features does the POS Console Service provide for managing customer orders?
Which of the following features does the POS Console Service provide for managing customer orders?
Why is integration with other services important for the POS Console Service?
Why is integration with other services important for the POS Console Service?
What is the primary focus when designing an application for cloud architecture?
What is the primary focus when designing an application for cloud architecture?
Which method is recommended to handle potential latency issues in cloud applications?
Which method is recommended to handle potential latency issues in cloud applications?
What is a key advantage of using an API in cloud architecture?
What is a key advantage of using an API in cloud architecture?
What is a significant drawback of tightly coupled applications in a cloud environment?
What is a significant drawback of tightly coupled applications in a cloud environment?
What is a primary consideration when optimizing communications between application components?
What is a primary consideration when optimizing communications between application components?
Why is it essential to decouple data in cloud-based architecture?
Why is it essential to decouple data in cloud-based architecture?
What aspect of cloud architecture facilitates better performance during data retrieval?
What aspect of cloud architecture facilitates better performance during data retrieval?
Which of the following describes the concept of service-oriented architecture?
Which of the following describes the concept of service-oriented architecture?
Flashcards
Ephemeral Computing
Ephemeral Computing
A temporary computing environment that exists only for the duration of a specific task or session. This kind of environment is created on demand and automatically disposed of after the task is completed. It leaves no trace of the user's data or activity and is ideal for testing and development.
Serverless Architecture
Serverless Architecture
A serverless architecture that utilizes cloud-based services to manage non-differentiated heavy lifting operations such as database management, file storage, and queuing. This shifts responsibility for managing server infrastructure to the cloud provider, allowing developers to focus on building the core functionality of their application.
Scale to Infinity (Serverless)
Scale to Infinity (Serverless)
The ability of a system to automatically scale up or down based on demand. In serverless architecture, functions can handle a massive number of requests without requiring any code changes and without causing performance issues.
Event-Driven Functions
Event-Driven Functions
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Managed Services
Managed Services
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Firebase
Firebase
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Firebase Realtime Database
Firebase Realtime Database
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SQL Server
SQL Server
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Apache Kafka
Apache Kafka
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Amazon Kinesis
Amazon Kinesis
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Apache Flink
Apache Flink
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Thumbnail
Thumbnail
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Thumbnail Service
Thumbnail Service
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AWS Lambda
AWS Lambda
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DynamoDB
DynamoDB
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Amazon S3
Amazon S3
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Design Pattern
Design Pattern
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Creational Design Patterns
Creational Design Patterns
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Singleton Pattern
Singleton Pattern
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Structural Design Patterns
Structural Design Patterns
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Adapter Pattern
Adapter Pattern
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Behavioral Design Patterns
Behavioral Design Patterns
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Instantiating a Class
Instantiating a Class
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Object-Oriented Programming Principles
Object-Oriented Programming Principles
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API Gateway
API Gateway
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API Gateway Pattern
API Gateway Pattern
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Single Point of Failure
Single Point of Failure
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Virtual Network
Virtual Network
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SSL Termination
SSL Termination
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API Gateway Security
API Gateway Security
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Centralized Authentication & Authorization
Centralized Authentication & Authorization
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Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
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Payment Management
Payment Management
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Order Service
Order Service
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Billing Service
Billing Service
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Order Service Reporting
Order Service Reporting
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Purchasing Service Reporting
Purchasing Service Reporting
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Order Service Integration
Order Service Integration
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Purchasing Service Integration
Purchasing Service Integration
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Billing Service Integration
Billing Service Integration
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Performance and Scaling Design
Performance and Scaling Design
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Systemic Security
Systemic Security
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Synchronous Applications
Synchronous Applications
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Asynchronous Applications
Asynchronous Applications
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Amazon SQS (Simple Queue Service)
Amazon SQS (Simple Queue Service)
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Amazon SNS (Simple Notification Service)
Amazon SNS (Simple Notification Service)
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Decoupling Applications
Decoupling Applications
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Modeling Application Performance
Modeling Application Performance
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Point of Sale (POS) System
Point of Sale (POS) System
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Microservices Architecture
Microservices Architecture
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Direct Connect
Direct Connect
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Load Balancing
Load Balancing
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Application Load Balancer
Application Load Balancer
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DNS Load Balancer
DNS Load Balancer
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Benefits of Microservices for POS Systems
Benefits of Microservices for POS Systems
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Overview of Microservices
Overview of Microservices
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Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
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Optimized Communication
Optimized Communication
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API (Application Programming Interface)
API (Application Programming Interface)
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Data Decoupling
Data Decoupling
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Caching System
Caching System
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Postman
Postman
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Credit Management
Credit Management
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POS Console Service
POS Console Service
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POS Console Service Integration
POS Console Service Integration
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Inventory Management Service
Inventory Management Service
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Customer Management Service
Customer Management Service
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Service Integration
Service Integration
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KISS Principle
KISS Principle
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YAGNI Principle
YAGNI Principle
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Monolithic Architecture
Monolithic Architecture
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Observer Pattern
Observer Pattern
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State Pattern
State Pattern
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E-commerce Application
E-commerce Application
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Study Notes
Serverless (AWS Lambda)
- AWS Lambda is a serverless, event-driven compute service
- It allows developers to run code for virtually any type of application or backend service without managing servers
- Lambda triggers from over 200 AWS services and software as a service (SaaS) applications
- It's pay-per-use, so you only pay for what you use
- Ideal for applications needing rapid scaling and zero scaling when not in demand (e.g., file processing after uploads)
What is Serverless?
- Serverless is a cloud development paradigm that allows building and running applications without managing servers
- It's similar to FaaS (Function as a Service), but serverless is an architectural pattern
- FaaS enables functions to be deployed, but serverless is a complete architecture pattern
- Examples include AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, and Azure Functions
Attributes of Serverless
- Serverless applications comprise small, discrete units of code (often a single function)
- Execution is event-based, meaning infrastructure only exists when a function is triggered
- The environment exists for a short period (commonly 5 minutes)
- Services scale to zero when idle
- This reduces costs as infrastructure only runs when utilized
Ephemeral Computing
- Ephemeral computing creates a virtual environment as needed, then destroys it when no longer needed
- You're only charged for the resources used
- It's also known as transient or dynamic computing
- It enables faster deployments and reduces bugs caught through earlier testing
AWS Lambda Configuration
- Timeout defaults to 3 seconds, maximum 15 minutes
- Environment variables compatible with env=QA/Prod
- Allocated memory ranges from 128MB to 3GB
- Ability to deploy within VPC and assign security groups
- IAM execution role must be attached to the Lambda function
- Reserved concurrency provides a guaranteed maximum number of concurrent instances for a function
- Provisioned concurrency initializes a specified number of execution environments, ensuring immediate responses to requests
- Concurrency can be limited but has a maximum of 1,000 executions
- Throttles control concurrency consumption
AWS Lambda Limits
- Execution: Memory allocation ranges from 128MB to 3GB; Maximum execution time is 15 minutes; Disk capacity in /tmp is 512MB; Concurrency limits are 1,000
- Deployment: Lambda function deployment size (zip compressed) is 50MB; Size of environment variables is 4KB
AWS Lambda Best Practices
- Minimize deployment package size to runtime necessities
- Break down functions if needed
- Remember AWS Lambda limits
- Avoid using recursive code
- Don't place Lambda functions in a VPC unless necessary
- Perform heavy work outside function handlers
- Initialize AWS SDK and dependencies outside function handlers
- Use environment variables for sensitive information, encrypting with KMS
CloudWatch
- CloudWatch monitors applications, infrastructure, network, and services in the cloud
- It utilizes alarms, logs, and events data to automate actions and reduce mean time to resolution (MTTR)
- Provides complete stack monitoring and frees up resources
CloudWatch Metrics
- CloudWatch provides metrics for AWS services
- Metrics are variables for monitoring (e.g., CPU, Network)
- Dimensions are attributes of a metric (e.g., instance ID, environment)
- Up to 10 dimensions per metric
- CloudWatch dashboards allow metric visualization
AWS Free Tier
- The AWS Free Tier lets customers explore AWS services at no cost
- Comprised of three offerings: 12-month Free Tier, Always Free, and short-term trials
- Lambda's free tier allows 1 million requests and 400,000 GB-seconds of compute time per month
Monolithic Architecture
- A monolithic architecture integrates all components (UI, business logic, database) into a single codebase
- Advantages include easier development and debugging
- Disadvantages include difficulty scaling, maintaining, and updating larger applications over time
Microservices Architecture
- Breaks down an application into smaller, independently deployable services
- Services communicate with each other using APIs
- Advantages: Easier scalability, development, maintenance, and resilience to failure
- Challenges include inter-service communication and managing complexity
Microservices Communication Design Patterns - API Gateway
- An API gateway acts as an intermediary between client applications and internal microservices
- It centralizes requests routing and manages technical concerns (authentication, SSL termination)
- It improves efficiency and security
VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)
- Provides a virtual network within the cloud
- Similar in function to virtual networks in other cloud providers
- Contains subnets for communication between resources
Load Balancing
- Distributes network connections across multiple instances of a service
- Improves application availability and performance
- AWS offers various load balancer solutions available for different use cases, including network, application, and DNS-based load balancers
POs in Microservices Architecture
- A Point of Sale (POS) system processes sales, manages inventory, and tracks customer data
- Traditional POS systems are often inflexible and difficult to scale and maintain
- A microservice architecture breaks down a monolithic POS system into smaller, independent services which improves the flexibility, scalability, and maintainability of the application.
Overview of Microservices
- A software architecture pattern
- Involves dividing a large application into small, independently deployable services
- Each service is responsible for specific functionality and communicates through APIs
- Improves development, deployment, scalability, and maintenance while addressing troubleshooting and testing ease
Distributed Systems and Application Integration
- Deals with the communication between multiple distributed applications
- Often uses asynchronous communication methods like queues
- Necessary for coordinating multiple applications in distributed systems
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