Serverless Architecture and AWS Lambda
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of ephemeral computing?

  • To save data automatically for future sessions
  • To provide long-term computing resources
  • To enhance cloud storage capabilities
  • To utilize temporary resources for specific tasks (correct)

    • How does ephemeral computing benefit Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

  • It allows teams to access features as they are being built (correct)
  • It causes more bugs due to limited testing
  • It eliminates the need for user feedback
  • It restricts testing environments to only production

    • What characteristic of serverless architectures allows them to handle varying loads seamlessly?

  • Infinite scaling capabilities through FaaS (correct)
  • Dedicated server management
  • Fixed resource allocation
  • Automatic data archiving

    • Which of the following best describes 'non-differentiated heavy lifting' in serverless computing?

    <p>Fundamental background tasks that assist applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does Firebase have over AWS for building real-time applications?

    <p>Firebase updates in real-time without significant management overhead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of ephemeral environments makes them particularly useful during development and testing?

    <p>Temporary nature promoting quick feedback on features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best compares Firebase and AWS?

    <p>Firebase provides many free services, unlike AWS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment is an ephemeral environment also referred to as?

    <p>Dynamic environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of creational design patterns?

    <p>Class instantiation and object creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common benefit of using design patterns in software development?

    <p>They speed up development by offering tested paradigms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pattern is an example of a creational design pattern?

    <p>Singleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines structural design patterns?

    <p>They are centered around class and object composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of reusing design patterns?

    <p>They prevent hidden issues that could arise later in development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following principles is NOT one of the four main theoretical principles of object-oriented programming?

    <p>Implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pattern is associated with adapting interfaces of different classes?

    <p>Adapter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Façade design pattern?

    <p>To represent a single class that encapsulates multiple subsystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary responsibility of the Purchasing Service?

    <p>Generating reports on purchase invoices and payments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service is responsible for ensuring that products are ordered in the correct quantities?

    <p>Order Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service works directly with the Financial Service to record revenue?

    <p>Order Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of the Billing Service?

    <p>Processing payments for invoices generated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Order Service relies on which service to determine stock levels for reordering?

    <p>Inventory Management Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the Order Service?

    <p>Processing payments for customer invoices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Purchasing Service use reporting?

    <p>To track spending and supplier performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is primarily managed by the Logistics Service?

    <p>Tracking supplier shipments and deliveries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary role does an API Gateway serve in a microservices architecture?

    <p>To manage routing and provide a single entry point for client requests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using an API Gateway?

    <p>Direct communication between client applications and microservices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should caution be exercised with a single API Gateway in a microservices architecture?

    <p>It creates a potential single-point-of-failure risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of SSL termination in an API Gateway?

    <p>To decrypt encrypted traffic before passing it to backend services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an API Gateway handle multiple requests from client applications?

    <p>It aggregates several microservice requests into one response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of microservices does the API Gateway NOT typically manage?

    <p>Communication between microservice instances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following scenarios is using an API Gateway most beneficial?

    <p>When there are many diverse client applications interacting with multiple microservices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What central function does the API Gateway provide regarding microservices?

    <p>It centralizes access control and technical concerns for microservices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Amazon Kinesis from Apache Kafka?

    <p>Kinesis is an AWS managed service, whereas Kafka can be installed anywhere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Apache Kafka serve in real-time data streaming?

    <p>A distributed event store or buffer that can store data for processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Apache Flink interact with Apache Kafka?

    <p>Flink can act on data buffered by Kafka when they are used together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the thumbnail creation service described?

    <p>To resize images and create smaller representations for easier management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the AWS Lambda function in the thumbnail creation process?

    <p>The addition of a new image file to the S3 bucket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a thumbnail typically used for?

    <p>To provide a small, fast-loading representation of larger images for easier management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Cloud Pub/Sub service do in the thumbnail creation workflow?

    <p>It notifies the Cloud Run container to start the image resizing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When Kafka is upstream in a data architecture including Flink, what is its primary function?

    <p>To provide buffered data for Flink to process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of modeling performance in cloud-based architecture?

    <p>To understand how the application behaves with concurrent users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is essential for integrating security within cloud-based applications?

    <p>Identity and Access Management (IAM) capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using asynchronous communication in application integration?

    <p>It prevents application performance issues during peak traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is decoupling applications important in cloud-based architecture?

    <p>It allows independent scaling and more robust communication patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Amazon SQS serve in distributed systems?

    <p>It offers fully managed message queuing for decoupling applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of application-aware performance monitoring tools?

    <p>To track and analyze application performance under varying load conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes synchronous communication in application interactions?

    <p>It enables real-time data exchange and immediate response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a core objective when designing security into cloud-based applications?

    <p>To integrate security processes with application features and cloud native capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of design patterns in software development?

    <p>To provide tested solutions applicable to various situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes what a singleton design pattern accomplishes?

    <p>It restricts a class to a single instance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of structural design patterns?

    <p>Class and object composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of design patterns, what does 'instantiating a class' mean?

    <p>Creating an instance of a class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following patterns allows different classes to match their interfaces?

    <p>Adapter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of design pattern is characterized by class instantiation issues?

    <p>Creational design patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design pattern is used to add responsibilities to objects dynamically?

    <p>Decorator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the advantage of reusing design patterns during software development?

    <p>Prevention of hidden issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant disadvantage of the monolithic architecture?

    <p>It becomes complex to implement new features over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle emphasizes the importance of simplicity in software design?

    <p>KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines microservices architecture?

    <p>Independent, small business services that can work together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the YAGNI principle advise developers to do?

    <p>Avoid adding functionality until it is necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major benefit of using the monolithic architectural approach?

    <p>It consolidates application artifacts for easier management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the observer pattern relate to behavioral design patterns?

    <p>It deals with how objects communicate and react to changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical e-commerce application?

    <p>Cloud Storage Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage of the monolithic architecture when adding new features?

    <p>Changes require redeploying the entire application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of load balancing in networking?

    <p>It improves performance by distributing workload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which load balancer uses DNS to manage traffic routing based on health checks?

    <p>Route 53 DNS Load Balancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a microservice architecture benefit a traditional POS system?

    <p>By making updates easier without affecting the entire system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge with traditional POS systems?

    <p>Complex Maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of load balancer directs traffic based on application-level decisions?

    <p>Application Load Balancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy should be employed to ensure high availability when using load balancers?

    <p>Employing a mix of global and regional load balancers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of a microservices architecture over a monolithic architecture?

    <p>It enhances flexibility and maintainability of services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes microservices from traditional applications?

    <p>Microservices are independently deployable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Purchasing Service in a POS system?

    <p>Managing the payment process and tracking outstanding supplier balances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the Order Service responsibilities?

    <p>Creating and managing purchase orders based on stock levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Billing Service generate invoices?

    <p>It generates invoices from the Order Service using customer billing details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service does the Order Service integrate with to update stock levels?

    <p>Inventory Management Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reporting is provided by the Purchasing Service?

    <p>Reports on purchase invoices and supplier performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Order Service?

    <p>Managing supplier payments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function does the Billing Service perform regarding customer payments?

    <p>It manages credit for customers, including generating credit invoices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service does the POS Console Service communicate with to manage customer information?

    <p>Customer Management Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Billing Service play concerning customer orders?

    <p>It processes payments and generates invoices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service ensures that the right products are ordered in the correct quantities?

    <p>Order Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What capability does the Inventory Management feature of the POS Console Service provide?

    <p>Updating inventory levels and checking stock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the integration of the Billing Service?

    <p>It interacts with multiple services, including the Payment Processing Service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Payment Processing Service play in the context of the POS Console Service?

    <p>It completes transactions and updates customer accounts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reporting functions provided by the Billing Service?

    <p>Generating invoices for credit management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features does the POS Console Service provide for managing customer orders?

    <p>Creating, updating, and canceling customer orders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is integration with other services important for the POS Console Service?

    <p>To ensure seamless transaction completion and order management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when designing an application for cloud architecture?

    <p>Designing the application as a collection of services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended to handle potential latency issues in cloud applications?

    <p>Use caching systems to locally store commonly accessed data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using an API in cloud architecture?

    <p>It streamlines communications between various applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback of tightly coupled applications in a cloud environment?

    <p>Reduced resilience and flexibility in the application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consideration when optimizing communications between application components?

    <p>Combining communications into a unified stream of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to decouple data in cloud-based architecture?

    <p>To enhance performance and reduce latency in data access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of cloud architecture facilitates better performance during data retrieval?

    <p>Local caching of frequently accessed data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the concept of service-oriented architecture?

    <p>Designing applications as a collection of interoperable services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Serverless (AWS Lambda)

    • AWS Lambda is a serverless, event-driven compute service
    • It allows developers to run code for virtually any type of application or backend service without managing servers
    • Lambda triggers from over 200 AWS services and software as a service (SaaS) applications
    • It's pay-per-use, so you only pay for what you use
    • Ideal for applications needing rapid scaling and zero scaling when not in demand (e.g., file processing after uploads)

    What is Serverless?

    • Serverless is a cloud development paradigm that allows building and running applications without managing servers
    • It's similar to FaaS (Function as a Service), but serverless is an architectural pattern
    • FaaS enables functions to be deployed, but serverless is a complete architecture pattern
    • Examples include AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, and Azure Functions

    Attributes of Serverless

    • Serverless applications comprise small, discrete units of code (often a single function)
    • Execution is event-based, meaning infrastructure only exists when a function is triggered
    • The environment exists for a short period (commonly 5 minutes)
    • Services scale to zero when idle
    • This reduces costs as infrastructure only runs when utilized

    Ephemeral Computing

    • Ephemeral computing creates a virtual environment as needed, then destroys it when no longer needed
    • You're only charged for the resources used
    • It's also known as transient or dynamic computing
    • It enables faster deployments and reduces bugs caught through earlier testing

    AWS Lambda Configuration

    • Timeout defaults to 3 seconds, maximum 15 minutes
    • Environment variables compatible with env=QA/Prod
    • Allocated memory ranges from 128MB to 3GB
    • Ability to deploy within VPC and assign security groups
    • IAM execution role must be attached to the Lambda function
    • Reserved concurrency provides a guaranteed maximum number of concurrent instances for a function
    • Provisioned concurrency initializes a specified number of execution environments, ensuring immediate responses to requests
    • Concurrency can be limited but has a maximum of 1,000 executions
    • Throttles control concurrency consumption

    AWS Lambda Limits

    • Execution: Memory allocation ranges from 128MB to 3GB; Maximum execution time is 15 minutes; Disk capacity in /tmp is 512MB; Concurrency limits are 1,000
    • Deployment: Lambda function deployment size (zip compressed) is 50MB; Size of environment variables is 4KB

    AWS Lambda Best Practices

    • Minimize deployment package size to runtime necessities
    • Break down functions if needed
    • Remember AWS Lambda limits
    • Avoid using recursive code
    • Don't place Lambda functions in a VPC unless necessary
    • Perform heavy work outside function handlers
    • Initialize AWS SDK and dependencies outside function handlers
    • Use environment variables for sensitive information, encrypting with KMS

    CloudWatch

    • CloudWatch monitors applications, infrastructure, network, and services in the cloud
    • It utilizes alarms, logs, and events data to automate actions and reduce mean time to resolution (MTTR)
    • Provides complete stack monitoring and frees up resources

    CloudWatch Metrics

    • CloudWatch provides metrics for AWS services
    • Metrics are variables for monitoring (e.g., CPU, Network)
    • Dimensions are attributes of a metric (e.g., instance ID, environment)
    • Up to 10 dimensions per metric
    • CloudWatch dashboards allow metric visualization

    AWS Free Tier

    • The AWS Free Tier lets customers explore AWS services at no cost
    • Comprised of three offerings: 12-month Free Tier, Always Free, and short-term trials
    • Lambda's free tier allows 1 million requests and 400,000 GB-seconds of compute time per month

    Monolithic Architecture

    • A monolithic architecture integrates all components (UI, business logic, database) into a single codebase
    • Advantages include easier development and debugging
    • Disadvantages include difficulty scaling, maintaining, and updating larger applications over time

    Microservices Architecture

    • Breaks down an application into smaller, independently deployable services
    • Services communicate with each other using APIs
    • Advantages: Easier scalability, development, maintenance, and resilience to failure
    • Challenges include inter-service communication and managing complexity

    Microservices Communication Design Patterns - API Gateway

    • An API gateway acts as an intermediary between client applications and internal microservices
    • It centralizes requests routing and manages technical concerns (authentication, SSL termination)
    • It improves efficiency and security

    VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)

    • Provides a virtual network within the cloud
    • Similar in function to virtual networks in other cloud providers
    • Contains subnets for communication between resources

    Load Balancing

    • Distributes network connections across multiple instances of a service
    • Improves application availability and performance
    • AWS offers various load balancer solutions available for different use cases, including network, application, and DNS-based load balancers

    POs in Microservices Architecture

    • A Point of Sale (POS) system processes sales, manages inventory, and tracks customer data
    • Traditional POS systems are often inflexible and difficult to scale and maintain
    • A microservice architecture breaks down a monolithic POS system into smaller, independent services which improves the flexibility, scalability, and maintainability of the application.

    Overview of Microservices

    • A software architecture pattern
    • Involves dividing a large application into small, independently deployable services
    • Each service is responsible for specific functionality and communicates through APIs
    • Improves development, deployment, scalability, and maintenance while addressing troubleshooting and testing ease

    Distributed Systems and Application Integration

    • Deals with the communication between multiple distributed applications
    • Often uses asynchronous communication methods like queues
    • Necessary for coordinating multiple applications in distributed systems

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    Serverless (AWS Lambda) PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of serverless architecture with a focus on AWS Lambda. Learn how serverless computing allows developers to build applications without managing servers, and discover the key attributes and benefits of this innovative paradigm. Test your knowledge with questions about its functionality, triggers, and more.

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