Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements is NOT true about AWS Lambda functions?
Which of the following statements is NOT true about AWS Lambda functions?
- You can log in to the compute instances that run Lambda functions and customize the operating system. (correct)
- Lambda functions can access resources inside your private VPC with proper configuration.
- You can specify the amount of memory you need allocated to your Lambda functions.
- Lambda functions can scale up to tens of thousands of concurrent executions.
What is the maximum memory you can request for a Lambda function?
What is the maximum memory you can request for a Lambda function?
- 5120 MB
- 10240 MB (correct)
- 2048 MB
- 1000 MB
How does AWS Lambda allocate CPU power to your functions?
How does AWS Lambda allocate CPU power to your functions?
- Proportional to the memory you specify, using the same ratio as a general purpose EC2 instance type. (correct)
- Based on the number of requests your function receives.
- Based on a fixed amount of CPU power allocated to each function.
- Based on the time your function takes to execute.
Which of the following is NOT a way to invoke a Lambda function?
Which of the following is NOT a way to invoke a Lambda function?
What happens when a Lambda function is triggered?
What happens when a Lambda function is triggered?
What is the purpose of using event source mappings in AWS Lambda?
What is the purpose of using event source mappings in AWS Lambda?
What is the purpose of the IAM role assumed by a Lambda function?
What is the purpose of the IAM role assumed by a Lambda function?
Which of these services invoke Lambda functions asynchronously and have their configuration made on the source service, not Lambda?
Which of these services invoke Lambda functions asynchronously and have their configuration made on the source service, not Lambda?
What is the difference between invoking a Lambda function synchronously and asynchronously?
What is the difference between invoking a Lambda function synchronously and asynchronously?
What is the purpose of versioning in AWS Lambda?
What is the purpose of versioning in AWS Lambda?
What is the difference between the $LATEST version of a Lambda function and a numbered version?
What is the difference between the $LATEST version of a Lambda function and a numbered version?
Which of these is NOT a supported AWS event source for invoking Lambda functions?
Which of these is NOT a supported AWS event source for invoking Lambda functions?
What is the purpose of a dead letter queue (DLQ) in AWS Lambda?
What is the purpose of a dead letter queue (DLQ) in AWS Lambda?
Which of the following is NOT a valid destination for Lambda asynchronous invocation results using the Destinations feature?
Which of the following is NOT a valid destination for Lambda asynchronous invocation results using the Destinations feature?
How can you throttle a Lambda function to prevent events from being processed?
How can you throttle a Lambda function to prevent events from being processed?
What is the purpose of using Lambda@Edge?
What is the purpose of using Lambda@Edge?
What is the maximum number of layers that a Lambda function can use?
What is the maximum number of layers that a Lambda function can use?
How does Provisioned Concurrency affect the scaling behavior of a Lambda function?
How does Provisioned Concurrency affect the scaling behavior of a Lambda function?
What is the primary function of Lambda aliases?
What is the primary function of Lambda aliases?
Which of the following scenarios can utilize alias traffic shifting?
Which of the following scenarios can utilize alias traffic shifting?
What must be done if a Lambda function requires external libraries?
What must be done if a Lambda function requires external libraries?
What happens when the concurrency limit is exceeded for a Lambda function?
What happens when the concurrency limit is exceeded for a Lambda function?
What is the purpose of setting reserved concurrency for a Lambda function?
What is the purpose of setting reserved concurrency for a Lambda function?
Which of the following statements about Lambda handlers is true?
Which of the following statements about Lambda handlers is true?
What is the maximum unzipped deployment size allowed for an AWS Lambda function?
What is the maximum unzipped deployment size allowed for an AWS Lambda function?
Which service is used to visualize the components of an application and identify performance bottlenecks in AWS Lambda?
Which service is used to visualize the components of an application and identify performance bottlenecks in AWS Lambda?
What should you avoid doing to optimize the performance of your Lambda functions?
What should you avoid doing to optimize the performance of your Lambda functions?
What is a requirement for the AWS X-Ray daemon to function correctly with Lambda?
What is a requirement for the AWS X-Ray daemon to function correctly with Lambda?
How does AWS Lambda primarily charge for its usage?
How does AWS Lambda primarily charge for its usage?
What is the main function of the AWS X-Ray SDKs in relation to Lambda?
What is the main function of the AWS X-Ray SDKs in relation to Lambda?
When should you consider placing a Lambda function in a VPC?
When should you consider placing a Lambda function in a VPC?
What does AWS Lambda automatically track in terms of function performance?
What does AWS Lambda automatically track in terms of function performance?
What is the suggested best practice regarding the size of deployment packages for Lambda functions?
What is the suggested best practice regarding the size of deployment packages for Lambda functions?
What type of latency may occur when a Lambda function is not needed to be in a VPC?
What type of latency may occur when a Lambda function is not needed to be in a VPC?
What happens when you specify the amount of memory for your Lambda function?
What happens when you specify the amount of memory for your Lambda function?
What is required to enable your Lambda function to access resources inside your private VPC?
What is required to enable your Lambda function to access resources inside your private VPC?
How does Lambda provide scaling?
How does Lambda provide scaling?
Where does AWS Lambda store code?
Where does AWS Lambda store code?
What is a characteristic of Lambda functions?
What is a characteristic of Lambda functions?
How can you invoke a Lambda function?
How can you invoke a Lambda function?
What is the primary function of a Lambda alias?
What is the primary function of a Lambda alias?
What is the purpose of traffic shifting in Lambda aliases?
What is the purpose of traffic shifting in Lambda aliases?
What happens when the concurrency limit is exceeded for a Lambda function?
What happens when the concurrency limit is exceeded for a Lambda function?
What is the purpose of setting reserved concurrency for a Lambda function?
What is the purpose of setting reserved concurrency for a Lambda function?
What must be done if a Lambda function requires external libraries?
What must be done if a Lambda function requires external libraries?
What is the function of a Lambda handler?
What is the function of a Lambda handler?
What is the primary purpose of Provisioned Concurrency in AWS Lambda?
What is the primary purpose of Provisioned Concurrency in AWS Lambda?
What is the purpose of a Dead Letter Queue (DLQ) in AWS Lambda?
What is the purpose of a Dead Letter Queue (DLQ) in AWS Lambda?
What is the maximum number of layers a Lambda function can use?
What is the maximum number of layers a Lambda function can use?
What is the purpose of Lambda@Edge?
What is the purpose of Lambda@Edge?
What happens when all provisioned concurrency is in use?
What happens when all provisioned concurrency is in use?
What is the purpose of Destinations in AWS Lambda?
What is the purpose of Destinations in AWS Lambda?
What happens if a Lambda function is configured to access resources in a particular VPC?
What happens if a Lambda function is configured to access resources in a particular VPC?
Which permission is necessary for a Lambda function to connect to a VPC?
Which permission is necessary for a Lambda function to connect to a VPC?
What happens when a Lambda function is invoked synchronously?
What happens when a Lambda function is invoked synchronously?
Which statement describes the characteristics of asynchronous invocation in AWS Lambda?
Which statement describes the characteristics of asynchronous invocation in AWS Lambda?
How can you enable your Lambda function for tracing?
How can you enable your Lambda function for tracing?
What must you do to enable health checks for target groups of type Lambda in an Application Load Balancer?
What must you do to enable health checks for target groups of type Lambda in an Application Load Balancer?
How are different versions of a Lambda function managed?
How are different versions of a Lambda function managed?
What role do event sources play in invoking AWS Lambda functions?
What role do event sources play in invoking AWS Lambda functions?
What is the maximum execution duration allowed per request for a Lambda function?
What is the maximum execution duration allowed per request for a Lambda function?
What is the primary difference between a qualified ARN and a standard ARN for a Lambda function?
What is the primary difference between a qualified ARN and a standard ARN for a Lambda function?
Which of the following statements about Lambda deployment in a VPC is true?
Which of the following statements about Lambda deployment in a VPC is true?
How is the event source mapping configuration established for stream-based services in AWS Lambda?
How is the event source mapping configuration established for stream-based services in AWS Lambda?
When should you consider placing a Lambda function in a VPC?
When should you consider placing a Lambda function in a VPC?
What is the main function of the AWS X-Ray SDKs in relation to Lambda?
What is the main function of the AWS X-Ray SDKs in relation to Lambda?
What does AWS Lambda automatically track in terms of function performance?
What does AWS Lambda automatically track in terms of function performance?
What is the suggested best practice regarding the size of deployment packages for Lambda functions?
What is the suggested best practice regarding the size of deployment packages for Lambda functions?
What type of latency may occur when a Lambda function is not needed to be in a VPC?
What type of latency may occur when a Lambda function is not needed to be in a VPC?
What is a requirement for the AWS X-Ray daemon to function correctly with Lambda?
What is a requirement for the AWS X-Ray daemon to function correctly with Lambda?
How does AWS Lambda primarily charge for its usage?
How does AWS Lambda primarily charge for its usage?
Which of these options are correct? (Select all that apply)
Which of these options are correct? (Select all that apply)
What should you avoid doing to optimize the performance of your Lambda functions?
What should you avoid doing to optimize the performance of your Lambda functions?
What is the purpose of using environment variables for configuration in Lambda functions?
What is the purpose of using environment variables for configuration in Lambda functions?
What is the benefit of using provisioned concurrency in AWS Lambda?
What is the benefit of using provisioned concurrency in AWS Lambda?
What happens when you invoke a Lambda function synchronously?
What happens when you invoke a Lambda function synchronously?
What is the purpose of a dead-letter queue (DLQ) in AWS Lambda?
What is the purpose of a dead-letter queue (DLQ) in AWS Lambda?
What is the purpose of an event source mapping in AWS Lambda?
What is the purpose of an event source mapping in AWS Lambda?
What is true about the $LATEST version of a Lambda function?
What is true about the $LATEST version of a Lambda function?
How many layers can a Lambda function use at a time?
How many layers can a Lambda function use at a time?
What is the purpose of Lambda@Edge?
What is the purpose of Lambda@Edge?
What additional configuration information is required to enable a Lambda function to access resources within a private VPC?
What additional configuration information is required to enable a Lambda function to access resources within a private VPC?
What happens when Lambda can’t add an event to the queue for asynchronous invocation?
What happens when Lambda can’t add an event to the queue for asynchronous invocation?
What is included in the function version information in AWS Lambda?
What is included in the function version information in AWS Lambda?
What happens when all provisioned concurrency is in use?
What happens when all provisioned concurrency is in use?
What is the relationship between memory and CPU allocation for Lambda functions?
What is the relationship between memory and CPU allocation for Lambda functions?
Which of the following is NOT a valid way to invoke a Lambda function?
Which of the following is NOT a valid way to invoke a Lambda function?
What is the purpose of a Lambda function’s execution role?
What is the purpose of a Lambda function’s execution role?
What is the benefit of using Application Auto Scaling for provisioned concurrency?
What is the benefit of using Application Auto Scaling for provisioned concurrency?
How does Lambda ensure scalability for concurrent executions?
How does Lambda ensure scalability for concurrent executions?
What is the maximum memory you can request for a Lambda function?
What is the maximum memory you can request for a Lambda function?
Which of these options describes how Lambda provides continuous scaling?
Which of these options describes how Lambda provides continuous scaling?
What is the recommended size of deployment packages for Lambda functions?
What is the recommended size of deployment packages for Lambda functions?
What does AWS Lambda automatically track in terms of function performance?
What does AWS Lambda automatically track in terms of function performance?
What is the purpose of the AWS X-Ray daemon in Lambda?
What is the purpose of the AWS X-Ray daemon in Lambda?
When should you consider placing a Lambda function in a VPC?
When should you consider placing a Lambda function in a VPC?
What is the primary mechanism behind Lambda function billing?
What is the primary mechanism behind Lambda function billing?
What is required for a Lambda function to connect to a VPC?
What is required for a Lambda function to connect to a VPC?
What is a recommended best practice for one-off time-consuming tasks in Lambda?
What is a recommended best practice for one-off time-consuming tasks in Lambda?
What is the maximum ephemeral disk capacity per invocation for a Lambda function?
What is the maximum ephemeral disk capacity per invocation for a Lambda function?
What is the maximum deployment size (unzipped) allowed for an AWS Lambda function?
What is the maximum deployment size (unzipped) allowed for an AWS Lambda function?
What does AWS Lambda use to monitor function performance?
What does AWS Lambda use to monitor function performance?
What is the purpose of the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM)?
What is the purpose of the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM)?
What happens when an Application Load Balancer forwards a request to a target group with a Lambda function as a target?
What happens when an Application Load Balancer forwards a request to a target group with a Lambda function as a target?
What is a requirement for the AWS X-Ray daemon to function correctly with Lambda?
What is a requirement for the AWS X-Ray daemon to function correctly with Lambda?
What is the maximum execution duration per request for a Lambda function?
What is the maximum execution duration per request for a Lambda function?
What is the purpose of the AWS X-Ray SDKs in relation to Lambda?
What is the purpose of the AWS X-Ray SDKs in relation to Lambda?
What is the default configuration for health checks in target groups of type lambda?
What is the default configuration for health checks in target groups of type lambda?
What is the primary benefit of using Lambda aliases?
What is the primary benefit of using Lambda aliases?
How does AWS Lambda handle concurrent executions when multiple events are triggered?
How does AWS Lambda handle concurrent executions when multiple events are triggered?
What is the purpose of setting reserved concurrency at the function level?
What is the purpose of setting reserved concurrency at the function level?
Which of the following statements is true about traffic shifting with Lambda aliases?
Which of the following statements is true about traffic shifting with Lambda aliases?
What happens when the concurrency limit for a Lambda function is exceeded?
What happens when the concurrency limit for a Lambda function is exceeded?
What is a requirement for the AWS Lambda function handler?
What is a requirement for the AWS Lambda function handler?
Study Notes
AWS Lambda Overview
- AWS Lambda allows running code as functions without server management.
- Applications are event-driven, with functions triggered by specific events.
- Lambda operates in a serverless environment, abstracting server management.
- Users cannot access underlying compute instances or customize operating systems.
Lambda Function Characteristics
- Memory can be allocated from 128 MB to 10,240 MB in 1 MB increments, affecting CPU power.
- Functions can access resources in a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) with specific configuration.
- AWS Lambda functions execute within a maximum execution timeout, typically around 15 minutes.
Invocation Types
- Functions can be invoked synchronously, requiring a response, or asynchronously, not waiting for a response.
- Synchronous invocation returns status and executed version, while asynchronous will queue events and handle retries.
Event Sources & Triggers
- Lambda can be triggered by AWS services like S3, DynamoDB, and CloudWatch Events.
- An event source mapping enables processing of items from streams or queues.
- Permissions are required for applications to invoke Lambda functions.
Version Control and Aliases
- Lambda allows versioning, enabling multiple versions managed separately.
- Aliases serve as pointers to specific versions, facilitating traffic management and deployment strategies.
- Blue/green deployment is supported through traffic shifting, allowing percentage-based traffic distribution across function versions.
Function Dependencies and Code Management
- Dependencies must be packaged with the function code, with size limits for uploads.
- Native libraries require compilation on Amazon Linux.
- AWS SDK is included by default with every Lambda function.
Concurrency Management
- Initial traffic can reach high concurrency levels, with the default limit set at 1000 executions per second.
- Burst concurrency can scale, but exceeding limits results in throttling, returning errors.
- Reserved concurrency guarantees minimum instances available for critical functions.
Provisioned Concurrency
- Provisioned concurrency can be set for low-latency requests and scales with application load.
- Application Auto Scaling can automatically adjust provisioned concurrency based on utilization.
Success and Failure Destinations
- Asynchronous invocations can route results to destinations like SNS, SQS, or EventBridge.
- Dead Letter Queues (DLQ) store failed events for later processing and must be configured for each version.
Lambda Layers
- Layers allow the inclusion of additional libraries and dependencies without bloating deployment packages.
- Functions can access up to five layers at once, extracted to the /opt directory.
Lambda@Edge
- Lambda@Edge enables running code in response to CloudFront events globally.
- It allows customization of content delivery based on user requests and executes functions without server management.
VPC Integration
- Lambda can connect to private subnets in a VPC, needing specific configuration for Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs).
- Internet access requires a NAT Gateway routing traffic appropriately.
- Connecting functions to a VPC may slow execution, so it should be approached cautiously.
Application Management
- AWS SAM is used to deploy and manage serverless applications.
- Lambda can be integrated with Application Load Balancers (ALBs) as targets for HTTP requests.
Monitoring and Operations
- AWS Lambda automatically monitors metrics through CloudWatch for request tracking and error reporting.
- X-Ray integrates with Lambda for tracing requests and identifying performance issues.
Development Best Practices
- Minimize deployment package size and avoid recursive function calls.
- Utilize environment variables for configuration, and avoid connecting functions to VPC unless necessary.
Lambda Limitations
- Memory allocation ranges from 128 MB to 10,240 MB, with 512 MB ephemeral storage and 4 KB maximum for environment variables.
- Maximum execution duration per request is 900 seconds.
Pricing Model
- Pricing is based on the number of requests and the compute time consumed during function execution.
AWS Lambda Overview
- AWS Lambda allows running code as functions without server management.
- Applications are event-driven, with functions triggered by specific events.
- Lambda operates in a serverless environment, abstracting server management.
- Users cannot access underlying compute instances or customize operating systems.
Lambda Function Characteristics
- Memory can be allocated from 128 MB to 10,240 MB in 1 MB increments, affecting CPU power.
- Functions can access resources in a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) with specific configuration.
- AWS Lambda functions execute within a maximum execution timeout, typically around 15 minutes.
Invocation Types
- Functions can be invoked synchronously, requiring a response, or asynchronously, not waiting for a response.
- Synchronous invocation returns status and executed version, while asynchronous will queue events and handle retries.
Event Sources & Triggers
- Lambda can be triggered by AWS services like S3, DynamoDB, and CloudWatch Events.
- An event source mapping enables processing of items from streams or queues.
- Permissions are required for applications to invoke Lambda functions.
Version Control and Aliases
- Lambda allows versioning, enabling multiple versions managed separately.
- Aliases serve as pointers to specific versions, facilitating traffic management and deployment strategies.
- Blue/green deployment is supported through traffic shifting, allowing percentage-based traffic distribution across function versions.
Function Dependencies and Code Management
- Dependencies must be packaged with the function code, with size limits for uploads.
- Native libraries require compilation on Amazon Linux.
- AWS SDK is included by default with every Lambda function.
Concurrency Management
- Initial traffic can reach high concurrency levels, with the default limit set at 1000 executions per second.
- Burst concurrency can scale, but exceeding limits results in throttling, returning errors.
- Reserved concurrency guarantees minimum instances available for critical functions.
Provisioned Concurrency
- Provisioned concurrency can be set for low-latency requests and scales with application load.
- Application Auto Scaling can automatically adjust provisioned concurrency based on utilization.
Success and Failure Destinations
- Asynchronous invocations can route results to destinations like SNS, SQS, or EventBridge.
- Dead Letter Queues (DLQ) store failed events for later processing and must be configured for each version.
Lambda Layers
- Layers allow the inclusion of additional libraries and dependencies without bloating deployment packages.
- Functions can access up to five layers at once, extracted to the /opt directory.
Lambda@Edge
- Lambda@Edge enables running code in response to CloudFront events globally.
- It allows customization of content delivery based on user requests and executes functions without server management.
VPC Integration
- Lambda can connect to private subnets in a VPC, needing specific configuration for Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs).
- Internet access requires a NAT Gateway routing traffic appropriately.
- Connecting functions to a VPC may slow execution, so it should be approached cautiously.
Application Management
- AWS SAM is used to deploy and manage serverless applications.
- Lambda can be integrated with Application Load Balancers (ALBs) as targets for HTTP requests.
Monitoring and Operations
- AWS Lambda automatically monitors metrics through CloudWatch for request tracking and error reporting.
- X-Ray integrates with Lambda for tracing requests and identifying performance issues.
Development Best Practices
- Minimize deployment package size and avoid recursive function calls.
- Utilize environment variables for configuration, and avoid connecting functions to VPC unless necessary.
Lambda Limitations
- Memory allocation ranges from 128 MB to 10,240 MB, with 512 MB ephemeral storage and 4 KB maximum for environment variables.
- Maximum execution duration per request is 900 seconds.
Pricing Model
- Pricing is based on the number of requests and the compute time consumed during function execution.
AWS Lambda Overview
- AWS Lambda allows running code as functions without server management.
- Applications are event-driven, with functions triggered by specific events.
- Lambda operates in a serverless environment, abstracting server management.
- Users cannot access underlying compute instances or customize operating systems.
Lambda Function Characteristics
- Memory can be allocated from 128 MB to 10,240 MB in 1 MB increments, affecting CPU power.
- Functions can access resources in a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) with specific configuration.
- AWS Lambda functions execute within a maximum execution timeout, typically around 15 minutes.
Invocation Types
- Functions can be invoked synchronously, requiring a response, or asynchronously, not waiting for a response.
- Synchronous invocation returns status and executed version, while asynchronous will queue events and handle retries.
Event Sources & Triggers
- Lambda can be triggered by AWS services like S3, DynamoDB, and CloudWatch Events.
- An event source mapping enables processing of items from streams or queues.
- Permissions are required for applications to invoke Lambda functions.
Version Control and Aliases
- Lambda allows versioning, enabling multiple versions managed separately.
- Aliases serve as pointers to specific versions, facilitating traffic management and deployment strategies.
- Blue/green deployment is supported through traffic shifting, allowing percentage-based traffic distribution across function versions.
Function Dependencies and Code Management
- Dependencies must be packaged with the function code, with size limits for uploads.
- Native libraries require compilation on Amazon Linux.
- AWS SDK is included by default with every Lambda function.
Concurrency Management
- Initial traffic can reach high concurrency levels, with the default limit set at 1000 executions per second.
- Burst concurrency can scale, but exceeding limits results in throttling, returning errors.
- Reserved concurrency guarantees minimum instances available for critical functions.
Provisioned Concurrency
- Provisioned concurrency can be set for low-latency requests and scales with application load.
- Application Auto Scaling can automatically adjust provisioned concurrency based on utilization.
Success and Failure Destinations
- Asynchronous invocations can route results to destinations like SNS, SQS, or EventBridge.
- Dead Letter Queues (DLQ) store failed events for later processing and must be configured for each version.
Lambda Layers
- Layers allow the inclusion of additional libraries and dependencies without bloating deployment packages.
- Functions can access up to five layers at once, extracted to the /opt directory.
Lambda@Edge
- Lambda@Edge enables running code in response to CloudFront events globally.
- It allows customization of content delivery based on user requests and executes functions without server management.
VPC Integration
- Lambda can connect to private subnets in a VPC, needing specific configuration for Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs).
- Internet access requires a NAT Gateway routing traffic appropriately.
- Connecting functions to a VPC may slow execution, so it should be approached cautiously.
Application Management
- AWS SAM is used to deploy and manage serverless applications.
- Lambda can be integrated with Application Load Balancers (ALBs) as targets for HTTP requests.
Monitoring and Operations
- AWS Lambda automatically monitors metrics through CloudWatch for request tracking and error reporting.
- X-Ray integrates with Lambda for tracing requests and identifying performance issues.
Development Best Practices
- Minimize deployment package size and avoid recursive function calls.
- Utilize environment variables for configuration, and avoid connecting functions to VPC unless necessary.
Lambda Limitations
- Memory allocation ranges from 128 MB to 10,240 MB, with 512 MB ephemeral storage and 4 KB maximum for environment variables.
- Maximum execution duration per request is 900 seconds.
Pricing Model
- Pricing is based on the number of requests and the compute time consumed during function execution.
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Description
Learn about AWS Lambda, a serverless environment for event-driven applications, and its function characteristics such as memory allocation and resource access.
