Serum-Free Media in Cell Culture

While many cell lines are still cultivated in media supplemented with ______, many cultures can now be grown in serum-free media.

The need to standardize media between labs, provide specialized media for specific cell types, and eliminate variable natural products led to the development of more complex media, such as ______ by Morgan et al. in 1950.

Each cell type appears to require a different ______, and cultures from malignant tumors may vary in requirements from tumor to tumor, even with one class of tumors.

Unfortunately, the transition to serum-free conditions, however desirable, is not always as straightforward as it seems. Some media may select a ______ that is not typical of the whole population, and even in continuous cell lines, some degree of selection may still be required.

The major constituents of serum like albumin and transferrin are known, but serum also contains a wide range of minor components that can have a significant effect on cell ______ and response to test substances.

Serum varies from batch to batch and, at best, a batch will last one year, possibly ______ during that time.

The removal of serum also requires that the ______ of reagents and water and the degree of cleanliness of all apparatus be extremely high, as the removal of serum also removes the protective, detoxifying action that some serum proteins may have.

Changing serum batches necessitates extensive ______ to ensure that the replacement is as similar as possible to the previous batch.

Growth is often slower in serum-free media, and fewer generations are achieved with finite cell lines.

The essential factors in serum have been described and include: ______ such as fibronectin

By removing serum and other animal products, the problems associated with using serum can be ______.

The essential factors in serum have been described and include: ______ such as insulin, PDGF, and TGF-β that regulate growth and differentiation

The ability to create a medium selective for a particular cell type is one of the major advantages of the control over ______-promoting activity afforded by serum-free media.

The essential factors in serum have been described and include: ______ such as minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, and intermediary metabolites

Serum-free media are not without ______.

The essential factors in serum have been described and include: ______ such as insulin, hydrocortisone, estrogen, and triiodothyronine.

The addition of serum to the medium can increase the ______ , which is important in stirred suspension cultures.

The use of serum in cell culture media can introduce undefined ______ , which can impact the reliability of experimental results.

After subculture, the addition of serum inhibits any residual ______ activity.

To replace serum in cell culture media, ______ such as growth hormone, insulin, and hydrocortisone can be used.

The use of serum in cell culture media is often associated with the risk of ______ infectious agents

In serum-free media, ______ such as soya bean trypsin inhibitor or aprotinin are added after subculture.

Regulatory authorities are increasingly pushing for the removal of all ______ products from contact with cultured cells used in the production of biopharmaceuticals.

______ such as EGF, PDGF, and IGF-I, have been found to be mitogenic in vitro.

______ is a trophic factor; chemotactic factor; differentiation factor; neurite outgrowth in peripheral nerve.

______ is a mixture of endothelial mitogens.

A member of the IL-6 group, ______ is a differentiation inducer (with glucocorticoid); fibroblast mitogen.

______ is a mitogen for astroglia.

______ is a mitogen for many mesodermal and neuroectodermal cells; adipocyte and ovarian granulosa cell differentiation.

A member of the acidic FGFs, ______ is a mitogen for astroglia.

______ is a mitogen for endothelial cells.

______ is an angiogenic; endothelial mitogen.

______ is an immune suppressor

______ is a mitogen for some normal epithelia.

______ is a fibroblast mitogen; angiogenic; matrix production.

A member of the basic FGFs, ______ is a mitogen for many mesodermal and neuroectodermal cells; adipocyte and ovarian granulosa cell differentiation.

______ is an active transport; DNA, RNA, protein, synthesis; mitogen for epithelial and fibroblastic cells; synergizes with IGF-1 and TGF-β.

The ______ cell line, known for its use in research, is commonly cultivated in Eagle's MEM, M199, MB752/1, CMRL 1066, MCDB media, DMEM:F12 + supplements.

A549 cells, used in research for studying ______ cancer, are often cultivated in PeproGrow-1 medium.

The ______ cell line, derived from human cervical cancer, is often grown in either aMEM or Iscove's medium.

______ are a type of cell commonly used in research and are often cultivated in MCDB 153 medium.

The ______ cell line, derived from a human embryonic kidney cell line, is typically grown in HEKTOR, HЕК, or CDM4HEK293 medium.

Mouse ______ cells, commonly used in cell culture research, are often grown in MCDB 402 medium.

The ______ cell line, derived from a Madin-Darby canine kidney, is often cultivated in MCDB 170 medium.

The ______ cell line, derived from the African green monkey, is commonly grown in a variety of media, including MCDB 153, KSFMC, KGM-2, PFEK-1, PF-Vero, MP-Vero, and Ex-cell Vero.

The ______ cell line, derived from human colorectal adenocarcinoma, is often grown in various media including those specifically designed for tumor cell culture.

The ______ cell line, derived from a human promyelocytic leukemia, is often cultivated in specialized media designed for leukemia cell culture.

Mouse ______ cells, often used for research purposes, are frequently cultivated in SF12, a modified Ham's F12 medium containing extra essential and nonessential amino acids.

______ cells, a type of cell commonly used in research, are often grown in MCDB 110, 202, or 402 medium.

The ______ cell line a commonly used model for studying hepatitis B virus infection, is often grown in specialized medium containing a cocktail of growth factors and nutrients.

______ cells, often used in research to study muscle development, are often cultivated in MCDB 130, 131 medium.

The ______ cells, often used in the study of cartilage regeneration, are often cultivated in supplemented DMEM/F12 medium.