40 Questions
What is the type of test called when the lab provides the antigen and looks for the presence of antibodies in the patient's serum?
Indirect test
Which type of reaction involves antigen that is attached to the main pathogen?
Agglutination reaction
What is the result of a positive precipitation reaction?
Patient has the disease
What type of antibodies are involved in precipitation reactions?
IgM or IgG
What is the name of the blood test that looks for patient antibodies against Treponema pallidum?
VDRL Test
What is the characteristic of the precipitation reaction at the equivalence zone?
Formation of a cloudy line
What is the type of serological test that involves the reaction of soluble antigens with antibodies?
Precipitation reaction
What is the result of a negative precipitation reaction?
No immune complex formed
What is the primary application of the Direct Fluorescent-Antibody (FA) test?
To identify GAS from a patient's throat sample
What is the purpose of adding Fluorescent dye-labeled Anti-human antibody in the Indirect Fluorescent-Antibody (FA) test?
To react with any human antibody in serum
Which test is used to diagnose bacterial and viral diseases?
Complement-Fixation (CF) reaction
What is the result of a Positive Complement-Fixation (CF) test?
The binding of complement serum proteins to the Ag-Ab complex
What is the main difference between the Direct and Indirect Fluorescent-Antibody (FA) tests?
The type of antibody detected
What is the purpose of the first stage of the Complement-Fixation (CF) test?
To determine if all complement proteins got used and formed an immune complex
What is the main advantage of the Complement-Fixation (CF) reaction?
It is a highly sensitive test
Which statement is true about the Neutralization test?
It is an indirect test
What is the purpose of Lancefield Classification in Streptococcal species?
To distinguish between different species of Streptococcus
What type of antibodies are involved in agglutination reactions?
IgM
What is the result of agglutination reaction?
Clumping of the pathogen in one location
What is the purpose of adding latex beads coated with antibodies in indirect agglutination test?
To detect the presence of antigens in the patient's serum
What is the application of agglutination reaction in blood typing?
To determine the blood group
What happens when anti-B antibody binds to RBC?
It leads to the destruction of RBC
What is the difference between direct and indirect agglutination test?
Direct agglutination test uses latex beads coated with antigens, while indirect agglutination test uses latex beads coated with antibodies
What is the role of immune complexes in agglutination reaction?
They lead to the formation of clumps
Why did compliment not bind in the first step of the complement fixation test?
Because the patient's serum sample did not contain Abs against the antigen
What happens to the compliment in the Compliment Fixation Stage of the test?
It does not get activated and does not bind to the Ab stem region
What is the purpose of introducing sheep RBCs into the patient's serum sample?
To detect the presence of Abs against sheep RBC
What happens to the sheep RBCs in a negative Complement Fixation Test?
They undergo hemolysis
What is the result of a positive Complement Fixation Test?
Hemolysis of sheep RBCs
Why is the compliment available to bind to future immune complex formations in a negative test?
Because it did not bind to the Ab stem region of the immune complex
What is the role of the Abs against sheep RBC in the Indicator Stage of the test?
To form an immune complex with sheep RBC
What is the purpose of the Compliment Fixation Stage of the test?
To determine if the patient has Abs against the antigen
What is the primary advantage of the ELISA method?
It has high specificity and sensitivity
In a Direct ELISA test, what is the role of the enzyme-linked antibody?
It binds to the antigen provided by the patient
In an Indirect ELISA test, what is the role of the enzyme-linked anti-human antibody?
It binds to the antibody provided by the patient
What is the application of ELISA in HIV testing before seroconversion?
It detects the presence of HIV antigens
What is the component of the ELISA test that is provided by the patient in a Direct ELISA test?
Pathogen
What is the characteristic of the ELISA method that makes it suitable for home pregnancy testing?
It is a highly specific and sensitive test
What is the advantage of using monoclonal antibodies in a home pregnancy test?
They are more specific to hCG than polyclonal antibodies
What is the relative sensitivity of the ELISA method compared to other serological tests?
It is more sensitive than other tests
This quiz covers the basics of serological tests, including direct and indirect tests, and types of reactions such as precipitation, agglutination, and fluorescent-antibody techniques.
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