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Questions and Answers
What are the primary elements of communication mentioned in the text?
What are the primary elements of communication mentioned in the text?
- Sender, receiver, information, channel
- Transmitter, receiver, code, conductor
- Source, destination, data, medium (correct)
- Encoder, decoder, signal, frequency
What are the media used in data communications according to the text?
What are the media used in data communications according to the text?
- Wireless connections, data cables, satellite transmission
- Copper connections, fiber-optic cabling, audio waves
- Radio waves, air medium, sound waves
- Electrical conductors, light pipes, electromagnetic transmission (correct)
What is the purpose of communication according to the text?
What is the purpose of communication according to the text?
- To encode information for secure transmission
- To transmit data from the source to the destination(s) (correct)
- To convert data into audio waves
- To organize data into information
What does the text mention about data organization?
What does the text mention about data organization?
What is the primary difference between EBCDIC and ASCII in terms of error detection?
What is the primary difference between EBCDIC and ASCII in terms of error detection?
How many characters were used for error detection out of the 256 characters available in IBM 4 of 8 Code?
How many characters were used for error detection out of the 256 characters available in IBM 4 of 8 Code?
What is the length of the signal when parity is used in ASCII?
What is the length of the signal when parity is used in ASCII?
What is the significance of B5 in determining the case of a character in ASCII?
What is the significance of B5 in determining the case of a character in ASCII?
How is a lower case letter obtained from an upper case value in hex?
How is a lower case letter obtained from an upper case value in hex?
How many bits are used for each character in IBM 4 of 8 Code?
How many bits are used for each character in IBM 4 of 8 Code?
What was the main storage medium when ASCII was first developed?
What was the main storage medium when ASCII was first developed?
What was one of the first interface problems of the PC age?
What was one of the first interface problems of the PC age?
What problem arises when using only 7 bits plus 1 bit for parity with ASCII?
What problem arises when using only 7 bits plus 1 bit for parity with ASCII?
What does EBCDIC use blank spaces for?
What does EBCDIC use blank spaces for?
What was used as a translator for PC-to-mainframe communications?
What was used as a translator for PC-to-mainframe communications?
What was one of the technological advantages leading to elimination of using B7 bit for parity in ASCII?
What was one of the technological advantages leading to elimination of using B7 bit for parity in ASCII?
What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance known as?
What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance known as?
What is the unit of measurement for resistance?
What is the unit of measurement for resistance?
Which term describes the opposition a conductor offers to a changing current value as well as the steady state resistance?
Which term describes the opposition a conductor offers to a changing current value as well as the steady state resistance?
What is the abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange?
What is the abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange?
"Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code" is abbreviated as?
"Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code" is abbreviated as?
"IBM 4 of 8 Code" allowed how many of the 256 bit combinations available with an 8-bit code?
"IBM 4 of 8 Code" allowed how many of the 256 bit combinations available with an 8-bit code?
What is the most commonly used industrial communications standard?
What is the most commonly used industrial communications standard?
Which organization established a current loop as a standard due to its low impedance and greater immunity to noise?
Which organization established a current loop as a standard due to its low impedance and greater immunity to noise?
Which fieldbus standards are primarily used in process control according to IEC 61158?
Which fieldbus standards are primarily used in process control according to IEC 61158?
Ethernet continues to gain market share and acceptance in automation areas primarily for providing what services?
Ethernet continues to gain market share and acceptance in automation areas primarily for providing what services?
What does EIA stand for?
What does EIA stand for?
Which topology in data communications typically consists of a master station and slave stations?
Which topology in data communications typically consists of a master station and slave stations?
In data communications, how is simplex mode defined?
In data communications, how is simplex mode defined?
What is the main difference between serial and parallel transmission?
What is the main difference between serial and parallel transmission?
What is a challenge faced by parallel transmission over long distances?
What is a challenge faced by parallel transmission over long distances?
What does cross-talk in data communications lead to?
What does cross-talk in data communications lead to?
What does a communications channel refer to in data communications?
What does a communications channel refer to in data communications?
What is the main difference between serial and parallel transmission?
What is the main difference between serial and parallel transmission?
How are digital signals defined?
How are digital signals defined?
What are the two states of each bit in binary digital signals?
What are the two states of each bit in binary digital signals?
How are signals organized to make data useful to humans?
How are signals organized to make data useful to humans?
What is an analog signal?
What is an analog signal?
Which example represents an analog signal?
Which example represents an analog signal?
What are the primary elements of communication mentioned in the text?
What are the primary elements of communication mentioned in the text?
What is the abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange?
What is the abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange?
What problem arises when using only 7 bits plus 1 bit for parity with ASCII?
What problem arises when using only 7 bits plus 1 bit for parity with ASCII?
What does the text mention about data organization?
What does the text mention about data organization?
Which topology in data communications typically consists of a master station and slave stations?
Which topology in data communications typically consists of a master station and slave stations?
What type of communication allows for communication in either direction, but not at the same time?
What type of communication allows for communication in either direction, but not at the same time?
What is the primary difference between serial and parallel transmission?
What is the primary difference between serial and parallel transmission?
What problem arises with parallel transmission that increases with signaling rate and makes obtaining a faster data rate challenging?
What problem arises with parallel transmission that increases with signaling rate and makes obtaining a faster data rate challenging?
Which statement best describes simplex communication in data communications?
Which statement best describes simplex communication in data communications?
What are the names "simplex" and "parallel" sometimes confusingly referred to as?
What are the names "simplex" and "parallel" sometimes confusingly referred to as?
What is a challenge faced by parallel transmission over long distances?
What is a challenge faced by parallel transmission over long distances?
Which statement best describes duplex communication in data communications?
Which statement best describes duplex communication in data communications?
Which statement best describes point-to-point topology in data communications?
Which statement best describes point-to-point topology in data communications?
What is the primary difference between half-duplex and full-duplex modes of communication?
What is the primary difference between half-duplex and full-duplex modes of communication?
What is the primary difference between networked and multi-drop topologies?
What is the primary difference between networked and multi-drop topologies?
Which type of transmission uses multiple media channels and is faster than serial transmission for data transmissions within a computer cabinet?
Which type of transmission uses multiple media channels and is faster than serial transmission for data transmissions within a computer cabinet?
What is the commonly used industrial communications standard for process measurement and control that uses 4-20 milliamperes of electrical current to represent a 0-100% range of a specified quantity?
What is the commonly used industrial communications standard for process measurement and control that uses 4-20 milliamperes of electrical current to represent a 0-100% range of a specified quantity?
What is the representation of a signal that organizes data in a human-readable form?
What is the representation of a signal that organizes data in a human-readable form?
What does ASCII stand for?
What does ASCII stand for?
What type of signal represents quantities at any value between a specified set of upper and lower limits?
What type of signal represents quantities at any value between a specified set of upper and lower limits?
What are the two states of each bit in binary digital signals?
What are the two states of each bit in binary digital signals?
What is the unit of measurement for resistance?
What is the unit of measurement for resistance?
What does EIA stand for in the context of data communications?
What does EIA stand for in the context of data communications?
What term describes the opposition a conductor offers to a changing current value as well as the steady state resistance?
What term describes the opposition a conductor offers to a changing current value as well as the steady state resistance?
What are the number systems in which digital signals are used?
What are the number systems in which digital signals are used?
Which organization established a current loop as a standard due to its low impedance and greater immunity to noise?
Which organization established a current loop as a standard due to its low impedance and greater immunity to noise?
What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance known as?
What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance known as?
What is the abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange?
What is the abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange?
What is the primary difference between EBCDIC and ASCII in terms of error detection?
What is the primary difference between EBCDIC and ASCII in terms of error detection?
What was one of the first digital communications codes designed by IBM?
What was one of the first digital communications codes designed by IBM?
'Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code' is abbreviated as?
'Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code' is abbreviated as?
'Standard signals allow users to pick and choose among vendors with the confidence that the inputs and outputs will be compatible.' This statement primarily refers to which concept?
'Standard signals allow users to pick and choose among vendors with the confidence that the inputs and outputs will be compatible.' This statement primarily refers to which concept?
What is the unit of measurement for resistance?
What is the unit of measurement for resistance?
What are the components of data organization designed for interface with humans known as?
What are the components of data organization designed for interface with humans known as?
What does EIA stand for in the context of data communications?
What does EIA stand for in the context of data communications?
What is the primary purpose of the parity bit in ASCII?
What is the primary purpose of the parity bit in ASCII?
What was the main reason for eliminating the need to use the B7 bit for parity in ASCII?
What was the main reason for eliminating the need to use the B7 bit for parity in ASCII?
What is the main difference between ASCII and EBCDIC in terms of error detection?
What is the main difference between ASCII and EBCDIC in terms of error detection?
What was used as a translator for PC-to-mainframe communications?
What was used as a translator for PC-to-mainframe communications?
What problem arises when using only 7 bits plus 1 bit for parity with ASCII?
What problem arises when using only 7 bits plus 1 bit for parity with ASCII?
What does EBCDIC use blank spaces for?
What does EBCDIC use blank spaces for?
What is the significance of B5 in determining the case of a character in ASCII?
What is the significance of B5 in determining the case of a character in ASCII?
How many bits are used for each character in EBCDIC?
How many bits are used for each character in EBCDIC?
What is the primary purpose of using an 8-bit data byte in ASCII?
What is the primary purpose of using an 8-bit data byte in ASCII?
Which organization developed the Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)?
Which organization developed the Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC)?
What is the main reason behind using a ninth bit for parity when transmitting program instruction coding with ASCII?
What is the main reason behind using a ninth bit for parity when transmitting program instruction coding with ASCII?
Which code does not make use of letter frequencies and uses a numerically arranged code?
Which code does not make use of letter frequencies and uses a numerically arranged code?
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Study Notes
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Figure 1-4 depicts the difference between serial and parallel signals in transmission. Parallel transmission uses multiple media channels and transmits all bits faster compared to serial transmission that uses one channel.
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Digital signals are defined as those with discrete states. In binary digital signals, each bit has two states: '1' or '0'.
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Signals are organized into patterns of bits called codings to make data useful to humans. Text data is coded and stored as information.
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A standard signal is a coding with approval from users or standardization agencies, specifying a way to organize data.
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An analog signal is a continuous signal representing a time-varying quantity. The 4–20 mA current loop signal is an example, representing 0% to 100% of the range.
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In data communication, various standard signals are used, including the 4–20 mA standard instrument signal for process measurement and control.
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Serial and parallel transmission methods have their advantages and disadvantages based on the number of media channels used and the transmission speed.
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Serial transmission is widely used for data transmission outside the computer cabinet, while parallel transmission is mostly replaced by USB and other technological advances.
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Modern data transmission systems use binary digital signals organized into various protocols and application programming interfaces.
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There are three main classifications for digital signals: standard, open, and proprietary. The book will focus on a few organizations of digital signals.
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The text explicitly discusses the process measurement and control signal standard (4-20mA) and its relationship to temperature and other engineering value measurements.
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Digital signals have defined discrete states and are used in all number systems, including binary, octal, and hexadecimal.
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Parallel transmission uses multiple media channels and is faster than serial transmission for data transmissions within a computer cabinet, but is being replaced by technologies like USB due to synchrony issues.
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Serial transmission uses one media channel and is slower but more common for data transmissions outside of the computer cabinet.
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Binary signals have two states, and are used in contemporary data transmission systems as the signaling means due to their simplicity.
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Codings are a generally understood representation of a signal and are used to organize data in a human-readable form.
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is an example of a text coding, and standard signals are approved by users or standardization agencies.
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An analog signal is a continuous signal representing quantities at any value between a specified set of upper and lower limits and is contrasted with binary digital signals.
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The 4-20 mA current loop signal is a commonly used industrial communications standard for process measurement and control and uses 4-20 milliamperes of electrical current to represent a 0-100% range of a specified quantity.
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The 4-20 mA signal is used in the two-wire current loop that connects devices in an instrument circuit and the reader must be familiar with terms such as voltage, current, resistance, impedance, capacitive reactance, and inductive reactance.
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