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Questions and Answers
What is serial communication?
What is serial communication?
A method of transmitting data one bit at a time over a single channel or wire.
What type of serial communication sends data without a clock signal?
What type of serial communication sends data without a clock signal?
- Synchronous
- Full-Duplex
- Parallel
- Asynchronous (correct)
What does baud rate measure?
What does baud rate measure?
- Number of signal changes or symbols transmitted per second (correct)
- Data packet size
- Number of bits transmitted per second
- Transmission distance
Which error occurs when a new byte overwrites the previous byte?
Which error occurs when a new byte overwrites the previous byte?
What is the effective distance of RS-232 communication?
What is the effective distance of RS-232 communication?
What is the data rate range for RS-232?
What is the data rate range for RS-232?
What protocol is utilized for short-distance communication between chips on a circuit board?
What protocol is utilized for short-distance communication between chips on a circuit board?
RS-232 is a widely used standard for serial communication between devices such as computers and __________.
RS-232 is a widely used standard for serial communication between devices such as computers and __________.
What is the purpose of RS-232?
What is the purpose of RS-232?
Which standard is commonly used in industrial environments for its robustness over long distances?
Which standard is commonly used in industrial environments for its robustness over long distances?
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Study Notes
Serial Communication
- Serial communication transmits data one bit at a time over a single channel.
- Common for communication between computers and peripherals.
- Data is sent sequentially, contrasting with parallel communication where multiple bits are transmitted simultaneously.
- Parallel data must be "shifted" to be transmitted serially.
Asynchronous vs Synchronous Serial Communication
- Asynchronous: Data is sent without a clock signal, using start and stop bits to indicate the beginning and end of a data packet.
- Synchronous: A clock signal synchronizes the sender and receiver, allowing for faster data transfer.
Speed of Transmission
- Bit rate: measures the number of bits transmitted per second (bps).
- Baud rate: measures the number of signal changes or symbols transmitted per second, which may represent one or more bits.
Errors in Serial Communication
- Bit Error: a single bit is incorrectly transmitted.
- Framing Error: the receiver fails to detect the correct start and stop bits in the data frame.
- Overrun Error: a new byte overwrites the previous byte before the receiver completes reading the previous byte.
- Parity Error: the number of 1s in a data frame does not match the expected parity.
- Timeout Error: no data is received within an expected time frame.
- Checksum Error: used to check errors in blocks of data.
Standards in Serial Communication
- RS-232: Widely used for connecting computers and peripherals, typically ranges from 300 bps to 115,200 bps and effective up to 15 meters.
- RS-485: Used in industrial environments for its robustness over long distances, up to 10 Mbps and 1,200 meters.
- I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit): Primarily used for short-distance communication between chips on a circuit board, supporting multiple devices and up to 3.4 MHz speeds.
- SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): Primarily used for short-distance communication between microcontrollers and peripherals, supporting full-duplex communication and speeds ranging from a few Mbps to tens of Mbps.
RS-232 (EIA-232)
- Developed to define the electrical characteristics and timing of signals and the physical interface for serial data communication.
- Introduced in the 1960s by the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA).
- Uses voltage levels to represent bits and includes start/stop bits for framing.
- Characterized by its use of a 25-pin connector (DB-25) or a 9-pin connector (DB-9).
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