Sepsis in Medical Immunology
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Questions and Answers

What is sepsis?

  • A genetic disorder affecting the immune system
  • An autoimmune disease triggered by stress
  • A highly contagious viral infection
  • A syndrome caused by an unbalanced host response to an infection (correct)

What was previously considered central to the pathogenesis of sepsis?

  • Viral infection
  • Normal homeostasis
  • Disproportionate inflammatory response to invasive infection (correct)
  • Host immune suppression

When was the first consensus definition of sepsis released?

  • Early 2010s
  • Early 2000s
  • Early 1990s (correct)
  • Early 1980s

How is the host response disturbed in sepsis?

<p>Sustained excessive inflammation and immune suppression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of individuals affected by sepsis in 2017?

<p>49 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many potentially avoidable deaths were related to sepsis in 2017?

<p>11 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major factor complicating sepsis management across all settings?

<p>Inadequate health infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of sepsis cases in hospitals result from health care-associated infections?

<p>50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study, what was the mortality rate of sepsis patients compared to other ICU patients?

<p>57.8% vs. 6.0% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implicated in sepsis pathogenesis and confers protection in acute animal models of fulminant infection?

<p>Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fragment levels are reported to have a correlation with sepsis severity?

<p>C5a (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of complement activation is an essential component of protective immunity but can cause damage when uncontrolled?

<p>Terminal pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the formation of the pore forming complex C5b-9 on cellular membranes?

<p>C5b cleavage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with a strong activation of the innate immune system in sepsis?

<p>Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that contribute to sepsis mortality?

<p>High ICU length of stay and more medical interventions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would confer protection in acute animal models of fulminant infection in sepsis pathogenesis?

<p>Blocking TNF (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of sepsis?

<p>Unbalanced host response to an infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the definition of sepsis matter in patient prognostication?

<p>To predict the clinical course and outcome of patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was previously believed to be central to the pathogenesis of sepsis?

<p>Excessive inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of individuals affected by sepsis in 2017?

<p>49 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fraction of sepsis cases result from health care-associated infections?

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pro-inflammatory cytokines are implicated in sepsis pathogenesis?

<p>Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can the uncontrolled activation of complement cause in sepsis?

<p>Organ failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can activation of the terminal pathway of complement lead to in sepsis?

<p>Formation of anaphylatoxin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patients had a higher combined number of comorbidities in the study?

<p>Sepsis patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the mortality rate of sepsis patients compared to other ICU patients in the study?

<p>Mortality rate, 57.8% vs. 6.0% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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