Sepsis in Medical Immunology
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Questions and Answers

What is sepsis?

  • A genetic disorder affecting the immune system
  • An autoimmune disease triggered by stress
  • A highly contagious viral infection
  • A syndrome caused by an unbalanced host response to an infection (correct)
  • What was previously considered central to the pathogenesis of sepsis?

  • Viral infection
  • Normal homeostasis
  • Disproportionate inflammatory response to invasive infection (correct)
  • Host immune suppression
  • When was the first consensus definition of sepsis released?

  • Early 2010s
  • Early 2000s
  • Early 1990s (correct)
  • Early 1980s
  • How is the host response disturbed in sepsis?

    <p>Sustained excessive inflammation and immune suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of individuals affected by sepsis in 2017?

    <p>49 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many potentially avoidable deaths were related to sepsis in 2017?

    <p>11 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major factor complicating sepsis management across all settings?

    <p>Inadequate health infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of sepsis cases in hospitals result from health care-associated infections?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study, what was the mortality rate of sepsis patients compared to other ICU patients?

    <p>57.8% vs. 6.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implicated in sepsis pathogenesis and confers protection in acute animal models of fulminant infection?

    <p>Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fragment levels are reported to have a correlation with sepsis severity?

    <p>C5a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of complement activation is an essential component of protective immunity but can cause damage when uncontrolled?

    <p>Terminal pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the formation of the pore forming complex C5b-9 on cellular membranes?

    <p>C5b cleavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with a strong activation of the innate immune system in sepsis?

    <p>Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that contribute to sepsis mortality?

    <p>High ICU length of stay and more medical interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would confer protection in acute animal models of fulminant infection in sepsis pathogenesis?

    <p>Blocking TNF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of sepsis?

    <p>Unbalanced host response to an infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the definition of sepsis matter in patient prognostication?

    <p>To predict the clinical course and outcome of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was previously believed to be central to the pathogenesis of sepsis?

    <p>Excessive inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of individuals affected by sepsis in 2017?

    <p>49 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fraction of sepsis cases result from health care-associated infections?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pro-inflammatory cytokines are implicated in sepsis pathogenesis?

    <p>Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the uncontrolled activation of complement cause in sepsis?

    <p>Organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can activation of the terminal pathway of complement lead to in sepsis?

    <p>Formation of anaphylatoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patients had a higher combined number of comorbidities in the study?

    <p>Sepsis patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the mortality rate of sepsis patients compared to other ICU patients in the study?

    <p>Mortality rate, 57.8% vs. 6.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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