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What is the process of separating a liquid from a solid by gently pouring the liquid from the solid, so as not to disturb the solid?
What is the process of separating a liquid from a solid by gently pouring the liquid from the solid, so as not to disturb the solid?
Decantation
What method is used to separate a solid from a liquid using a porous substance, such as paper or charcoal, which allows the liquid to pass through but not the solid?
What method is used to separate a solid from a liquid using a porous substance, such as paper or charcoal, which allows the liquid to pass through but not the solid?
Filtration
What is the separation of a substance from a mixture by preferentially dissolving the substance in a suitable solvent called?
What is the separation of a substance from a mixture by preferentially dissolving the substance in a suitable solvent called?
Extraction
What process involves a solid passing directly to the gaseous state and back to the solid state without the appearance of a liquid state?
What process involves a solid passing directly to the gaseous state and back to the solid state without the appearance of a liquid state?
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Which of the following substances are commonly used in sublimation?
Which of the following substances are commonly used in sublimation?
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What is the process used to remove unwanted side products from a desired product?
What is the process used to remove unwanted side products from a desired product?
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What are the two fundamental types of chemical reactions?
What are the two fundamental types of chemical reactions?
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What type of reaction involves the transfer of electrons?
What type of reaction involves the transfer of electrons?
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What type of reaction involves the exchange of ions or atoms between reactants?
What type of reaction involves the exchange of ions or atoms between reactants?
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What is the purpose of the experiment involving copper?
What is the purpose of the experiment involving copper?
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What is the percentage yield of the recovered copper compared to its initial weight?
What is the percentage yield of the recovered copper compared to its initial weight?
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The percent yield of the copper can be expressed as the ratio of the recovered weight to the initial weight of the copper, multiplied by 100.
The percent yield of the copper can be expressed as the ratio of the recovered weight to the initial weight of the copper, multiplied by 100.
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What common method is often used to describe a reaction?
What common method is often used to describe a reaction?
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What is the term for the ratio of the recovered weight to the initial weight, multiplied by 100, used to assess the efficiency of a reaction?
What is the term for the ratio of the recovered weight to the initial weight, multiplied by 100, used to assess the efficiency of a reaction?
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What is the general formula for calculating percent yield?
What is the general formula for calculating percent yield?
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What type of reaction involves the transfer of atoms or ions between reactants?
What type of reaction involves the transfer of atoms or ions between reactants?
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When does a metathesis reaction occur to completion?
When does a metathesis reaction occur to completion?
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In redox reactions, the element that loses electrons is reduced.
In redox reactions, the element that loses electrons is reduced.
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What is the purpose of heating the solution in this experiment?
What is the purpose of heating the solution in this experiment?
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What is meant by "analytically pure" form?
What is meant by "analytically pure" form?
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The melting point of copper is 1087°C.
The melting point of copper is 1087°C.
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What is the maximum weight of a substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a specified temperature called?
What is the maximum weight of a substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a specified temperature called?
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What is the term used to describe the amount of matter in an object?
What is the term used to describe the amount of matter in an object?
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What is the term used to describe the mass per unit volume of an object?
What is the term used to describe the mass per unit volume of an object?
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What is the SI unit for mass?
What is the SI unit for mass?
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The boiling point of water is 100°C at 1 atm. of pressure.
The boiling point of water is 100°C at 1 atm. of pressure.
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What is the primary purpose of this experiment, involving copper?
What is the primary purpose of this experiment, involving copper?
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What is the term used to describe the process of removing impurities from a substance?
What is the term used to describe the process of removing impurities from a substance?
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What is the process used to separate a solid from a liquid by passing the liquid through a porous barrier?
What is the process used to separate a solid from a liquid by passing the liquid through a porous barrier?
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What is the process of removing a liquid from a solid by gently pouring off the liquid?
What is the process of removing a liquid from a solid by gently pouring off the liquid?
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What is the name of the process by which a solid changes directly into a gas without first melting?
What is the name of the process by which a solid changes directly into a gas without first melting?
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What is the SI unit for length?
What is the SI unit for length?
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The boiling point of water is independent of pressure.
The boiling point of water is independent of pressure.
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What is the term used to describe a substance that has a defined chemical composition and properties?
What is the term used to describe a substance that has a defined chemical composition and properties?
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What term describes the process of separating a solid from a liquid using a porous barrier?
What term describes the process of separating a solid from a liquid using a porous barrier?
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How do we ensure that a solid is completely dry, free of any remaining solvent?
How do we ensure that a solid is completely dry, free of any remaining solvent?
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The accuracy of a measurement is a measure of how closely repeated measurements agree with one another.
The accuracy of a measurement is a measure of how closely repeated measurements agree with one another.
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What is the term used to describe the process of removing a liquid from a solid by gently pouring off the liquid?
What is the term used to describe the process of removing a liquid from a solid by gently pouring off the liquid?
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What is the unit of measurement for pressure in the International System of Units (SI)?
What is the unit of measurement for pressure in the International System of Units (SI)?
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The boiling point of a liquid is always higher than its melting point.
The boiling point of a liquid is always higher than its melting point.
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What is the name of the process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid?
What is the name of the process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid?
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What is the process by which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without first melting?
What is the process by which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without first melting?
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Study Notes
Separation Techniques
- Decantation: Separating a liquid from a solid by gently pouring the liquid. Avoid disturbing the solid.
- Filtration: Separating a solid from a liquid using a porous substance (filter). The liquid passes through, but not the solid. Common materials are paper, charcoal, and sand.
- Extraction: Separating a substance from a mixture by preferentially dissolving the substance in a suitable solvent. Often used to separate a soluble compound from an insoluble one.
- Sublimation: A solid directly transitions to a gas and then back to a solid without becoming a liquid. Some substances that readily sublime are iodine, naphthalene, and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).
Mixture Separation Example
- Mixture contains NaCl, NH4Cl, and SiO2.
- Separation methods:
- Sublimation for NH4Cl
- Water extraction for NaCl
- Evaporation for SiO2
Procedure
- Weigh a clean, dry evaporating dish.
- Add the mixture to the dish.
- Sublimation (in hood): Heat the dish until white fumes appear.
- Add water to the dish to dissolve NaCl.
- Separate the sand.
- Repeat water extraction, if needed.
- Evaporate the water to obtain NaCl.
- Dry the sand to obtain SiO2.
- Weigh each component to determine percentages.
Objective
- To familiarize students with separation techniques like decantation, filtration, extraction, and sublimation.
Physical Properties
- Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance's composition.
- Examples include color, size, shape, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, viscosity, and refractive index.
- Different combinations of properties identify specific substances (unique to each element).
Percent Yield Calculation
- (% Component) = (weight of component in grams / weight of sample in grams) x 100
Chemical Reactions of Copper
- Reactions described are mainly redox and metathesis reactions involving copper transformations.
- Reactions involve HNO3, NaOH, H2SO4, and zinc or aluminum (for reduction of Cu(II)).
- The goal of the experiment is to recover all the initial copper in a pure form.
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Description
This quiz covers various separation techniques used in chemistry, including decantation, filtration, extraction, and sublimation. You'll also explore practical applications through example mixtures and methods utilized for their separation. Test your knowledge on how to effectively separate different substances.
