Separation Techniques
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Questions and Answers

what is Crystallisation?

  • separate a solid-liquid mixture
  • separate or identify small amounts of substances from a mixture
  • separate a dissolved solid from a liquid (when solid isn't heat-stable) (correct)
  • separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

    • Which of the following is a disadvantage when using evaporation to separate a mixture?

  • All the solute is obtained.
  • The solvent is not recovered. (correct)
  • Salt can be obtained from seawater.
  • It can give quick recovery of a soluble solute.

    • When substances A and B are placed in water, only substance A is retained on the filter paper after filtration. Which of the following can be deduced about substances A and B?

  • The mass of the particles of substance A are greater.
  • The size of the particles of substance A are bigger. (correct)
  • The surface area of particles of substance A are larger.
  • The solubility of substance A in water is higher.

    • In the physical methods for separating a mixture, the term ‘filtrate’ refers to

    <p>the substances that pass through the filter paper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a substance that is required for sublimation?

    <p>It must be able to change directly from a solid to a gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diagram below shows the process of sublimation to separate a solid-solid mixture.
    Describe the changes in state of iodine during the separation process. (a mixture of iodine and sand)

    <p>During heating, iodine changes from a solid state to a gaseous state. Upon cooling, iodine changes from a gaseous state to a solid state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of chromatography in separating different substances?

    <p>They can dissolve in the same solvent but have different solubilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chromatography in a separation technique?

    <p>To separate, identify, and quantify the components of a mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following separation techniques is used to separate a mixture of a solid and a liquid?

    <p>Evaporation to dryness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can simple distillation be carried out in the absence of heating? Explain.

    <p>No, Simple distillation needs heating as you need to separate the solid from the liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Separation Techniques

    Crystallization

    • A method of separating a mixture based on differences in solubility
    • Involves dissolving a mixture in a solvent and then allowing it to cool slowly
    • As the solution cools, the least soluble compound crystallizes out first, followed by the next least soluble, and so on
    • Crystals are then filtered and washed to obtain the pure substance

    Chromatography

    • A family of techniques used to separate, identify, and quantify the components of a mixture
    • Based on the principle of differential migration of components through a stationary phase
    • Types of chromatography:
      • Paper chromatography
      • Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
      • Column chromatography
      • Gas chromatography (GC)
      • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

    Filtration

    • A method of separating a mixture based on differences in particle size
    • Involves passing a mixture through a filter medium, such as a porous membrane or filter paper
    • Larger particles are retained by the filter, while smaller particles pass through
    • Types of filtration:
      • Gravity filtration
      • Vacuum filtration
      • Centrifugal filtration

    Distillation

    • A method of separating a mixture based on differences in boiling points
    • Involves heating a mixture to produce a vapor, which is then cooled and condensed to produce a liquid
    • Types of distillation:
      • Simple distillation
      • Fractional distillation
      • Vacuum distillation

    Sublimation

    • A method of separating a mixture based on the ability of a substance to change directly from a solid to a gas
    • Involves heating a mixture to produce a vapor, which is then cooled and condensed to produce a solid
    • Used to separate substances that sublime, such as iodine and ammonium chloride

    Evaporation to Dryness

    • A method of separating a mixture based on differences in boiling points
    • Involves heating a mixture to produce a vapor, which is then removed, leaving behind a solid residue
    • Used to separate a mixture of a solid and a liquid

    Simple Distillation

    • A type of distillation used to separate a mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points
    • Involves heating a mixture to produce a vapor, which is then cooled and condensed to produce a liquid
    • Used to separate a mixture of two liquids with a boiling point difference of at least 40-50°C

    Separation Techniques

    Crystallization

    • Separates a mixture based on differences in solubility
    • Involves dissolving a mixture in a solvent, then cooling slowly to allow crystallization
    • Crystals are filtered and washed to obtain the pure substance
    • Least soluble compound crystallizes out first, followed by the next least soluble

    Chromatography

    • Separates, identifies, and quantifies mixture components based on differential migration
    • Uses a stationary phase to separate components
    • Types of chromatography include:
      • Paper chromatography
      • Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
      • Column chromatography
      • Gas chromatography (GC)
      • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

    Filtration

    • Separates a mixture based on differences in particle size
    • Uses a filter medium, such as a porous membrane or filter paper
    • Larger particles are retained, while smaller particles pass through
    • Types of filtration include:
      • Gravity filtration
      • Vacuum filtration
      • Centrifugal filtration

    Distillation

    • Separates a mixture based on differences in boiling points
    • Involves heating a mixture to produce a vapor, then cooling and condensing to produce a liquid
    • Types of distillation include:
      • Simple distillation
      • Fractional distillation
      • Vacuum distillation

    Sublimation

    • Separates a mixture based on the ability of a substance to change directly from a solid to a gas
    • Involves heating a mixture, then cooling and condensing to produce a solid
    • Used to separate substances that sublime, such as iodine and ammonium chloride

    Evaporation to Dryness

    • Separates a mixture based on differences in boiling points
    • Involves heating a mixture to produce a vapor, then removing the vapor to leave behind a solid residue
    • Used to separate a mixture of a solid and a liquid

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    Learn about crystallization and chromatography, two essential methods used to separate and purify mixtures in chemistry. LESSSGOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

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