Chap 2 Part 3 Separation of Mixtures

Questions and Answers

What is the term for the heavy, insoluble solid that settles at the bottom of a heterogeneous solid-liquid mixture?

Suspension

Supernatant

Decantation

Sediment (correct)

Which of the following describes the process of sedimentation?

Mixing components until homogeneous

Heating a mixture until it evaporates

Turning liquid into solid by freezing

The settling of heavier particles due to gravity (correct)

During decantation, what is the main objective?

To pour out the clear liquid without disturbing the sediment (correct)

To mix the sediment and supernatant

To filter the sediment from the liquid

To heat the mixture until it sublimates

Which combination of substances best illustrates a heterogeneous mixture suitable for sedimentation?

Sand and iodine crystals Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a sublimable solid when heated?

It becomes a gas without passing through a liquid state Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mixtures would be best separated by sublimation?

Ammonium chloride and sand Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to separate particles from a heterogeneous mixture?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What type of mixture is formed when a solid is dissolved in a liquid?

Homogeneous Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of components would result in a heterogeneous mixture?

Sand and iron filings Signup and view all the answers

Which separation method is suitable for homogeneous mixtures?

Sublimation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for separating components in heterogeneous mixtures?

Evaporation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the solid that remains on the filter paper after filtration?

Residue Signup and view all the answers

In the filtration process, what happens to the insoluble solid particles?

They are collected on the filter paper Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a substance that can be separated using filtration?

Chalk from water Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the clear liquid obtained after the filtration process?

Filtrate Signup and view all the answers

Which method is primarily used to separate insoluble solids from liquids?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle behind evaporation?

Separation of a solid component from a liquid component Signup and view all the answers

Which equipment is NOT typically used in the evaporation process described?

Refrigerator Signup and view all the answers

In the described method of evaporation, what remains after the water vaporizes?

Salt Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the evaporation process as described?

Pour the salt solution into a china dish Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the salt during the evaporation process?

It remains behind as a residue Signup and view all the answers

What defines a mixture?

An impure substance composed of two or more elements or compounds. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of mixtures?

They can be separated by physical means. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a homogeneous mixture?

Components are uniformly distributed. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?

Salt and pepper. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly differentiates compounds from mixtures?

Compounds are pure substances, but mixtures can be impure. Signup and view all the answers

During the preparation of a mixture, how is energy transferred?

No energy is absorbed or released. Signup and view all the answers

Which property is NOT true for mixtures?

They have a definite set of properties. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes heterogeneous mixtures from homogeneous mixtures?

Heterogeneous mixtures have components that are not uniformly distributed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle of evaporation in separation methods?

Changing a liquid into vapor to obtain a solid. Signup and view all the answers

In the sieving process, what type of components are primarily separated?

Components of different sizes. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is specifically used to separate a mixture containing a solid that can sublimate?

Sublimation Signup and view all the answers

How does magnetic separation work?

By passing a magnet over a mixture to attract magnetic substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of decantation?

To separate a liquid from a solid after settling. Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would you use filtration?

When separating sand from water. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of magnetic separation?

Separation of iron from a mixture of iron and sand. Signup and view all the answers

What common mistake might lead someone to confuse evaporation with filtration?

Both processes separate solids from liquids. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Separation Methods Overview

Solid-liquid separation techniques aim to isolate components based on physical properties.

Sedimentation and Decantation

Sedimentation: Heavy, insoluble solids settle at the bottom of a mixture due to gravity.
Sediment: The solid that settles at the bottom of a beaker.
Decantation: The clear liquid above the sediment (supernatant) is poured out carefully without disturbing the sediment.

Sublimation

Principle: Separates sublimable solids from non-sublimable ones through heating.
Process: Solid changes directly from a solid to gas; vapors deposit on funnel walls.
Examples of Mixtures:
- Homogeneous: Ammonium chloride and salt.
- Heterogeneous: Ammonium chloride and sand, iodine crystals and sand.

Types of Mixtures

Heterogeneous Components: Solid in solid or solid in liquid.
Homogeneous Mixture Components: Uniformly distributed; e.g., vinegar and water.

Characteristics of Mixtures

Compositions are variable and not fixed.
Can be separated by physical methods like filtration or evaporation.
Do not possess a definitive chemical formula.
Retain individual properties of constituents and exhibit no specific melting/boiling points.
No energy change occurs during formation.

Separation Techniques

Heterogeneous Mixtures:
- Sieving: Separates solids based on size using a sieve; e.g., bran from flour.
- Magnetic Separation: Attracts magnetic materials from non-magnetic ones; e.g., iron from sand.
- Sublimation: Heats mixture to collect sublimable solids; e.g., camphor from sand.
- Sedimentation and Decantation: Settling and pouring off liquids from solids.
- Filtration: Solid remains on filter paper while liquid passes through; e.g., chalk from water.
Homogeneous Mixtures:
- Evaporation: Liquid is vaporized, leaving the solid behind; e.g., salt from seawater.

Key Terms

Residue: Solid left on filter paper after filtration.
Filtrate: Clear liquid that passes through filter paper.

Equipment for Evaporation

Uses an evaporating basin, gauze, tripod, and Bunsen burner to heat and separate solids from liquids.

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Description

Explore the processes of sedimentation and decantation with this quiz. Understand how heavy, insoluble solids settle in heterogeneous mixtures and how to safely pour off the liquid without disturbing the sediment. Perfect for students learning about physical separation techniques.