Separation of Chloroplast Pigments by Paper Chromatography
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of boiling the beaker set-ups in a water bath during the pigment extraction process?

  • To change the color of the leaves
  • To prevent the alcohol from evaporating
  • To ensure the leaves are completely devoid of color (correct)
  • To speed up the pigment extraction process
  • What is the indicator used to detect the presence of starch during the experiment with iodine solution?

  • Blue-black color (correct)
  • Red color
  • Green color
  • Yellow color
  • Why is it important not to boil the alcohol under direct flame during the pigment extraction process?

  • To prevent the alcohol from boiling over
  • To maintain the flammability of the alcohol
  • To avoid burning the leaves
  • To ensure safety as ethyl alcohol is volatile and flammable (correct)
  • What is the purpose of comparing the results between exposed and covered areas of the leaves after the iodine solution test?

    <p>To observe differences in starch content due to light exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it advised to half-fill each test tube with dilute phenol red solution before conducting the experiment related to carbon dioxide availability?

    <p>To observe color changes more clearly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does blowing into test tubes A and B do to the phenol red solution?

    <p>Changes its pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using paper chromatography in the separation of chloroplast pigments?

    <p>To allow the pigments to diffuse through an absorbent material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can different chlorophyll pigments be identified in paper chromatography?

    <p>By their band color and the distance they travel through the chromatogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Rf (retention factor) value in paper chromatography?

    <p>It can be compared to known standards to identify unknown compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to weigh the green leaves before pigment extraction?

    <p>To ensure equal amounts of leaves are used for accurate results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pigment is associated with a yellow-green to olive green band color on the chromatogram?

    <p>Chlorophyll B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pigment extraction, why are the leaves grounded using a pestle?

    <p>To release the pigments from the leaves for analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of carefully lowering the extract-treated chromatogram into the tank as described in the text?

    <p>To prevent the sides of the chromatogram from touching the tank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does separating fluid aid in separating chloroplast pigments during paper chromatography?

    <p>It causes the pigments to migrate at different rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring the distance from the origin line to the solvent front and to each color band during paper chromatography?

    <p>To calculate the Rf values for each pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of comparing the calculated Rf values with known standards of each pigment in paper chromatography?

    <p>To confirm the identity of each separated pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high Rf value indicate in paper chromatography when compared to known standards of chloroplast pigments?

    <p>The pigment has migrated a long distance on the chromatogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to suspend the chromatogram freely without any sides touching during paper chromatography?

    <p>To avoid interference with the movement of solvent and pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chromatography

    • Chromatography is a method to separate closely related compounds, such as pigments, by allowing the mixture to diffuse through an absorbent called chromatogram.
    • The different chloroplast pigments can be separated and observed as different color bands on the chromatogram.

    Pigment Identification

    • Pigments can be identified by their band color and distance they travel through the chromatogram.
    • The Rf (retention factor) value is a ratio that can be calculated and compared to known Rf standards to identify unknown compounds.

    Pigment Extraction

    • 5g of green leaves and variegated leaves are weighed and cut into small pieces.
    • Acetone is used to grind the leaves and release the pigments.

    Chromatography Setup

    • The extract-treated chromatogram is lowered into the tank, with the end immersed in the separating fluid but not reaching the level of the pigment spot.

    Pigment Separation

    • The solvent will move up the strip and carry the pigments with it, separating the chloroplast pigments.
    • The separated pigments are drawn on the worksheet and labeled each color band by its corresponding pigment.

    Rf Values

    • Rf values are calculated by measuring the distance from the origin line to the solvent front and to the middle section of each color band.
    • The Rf values are compared to known standards of each pigment for the specific solvent.

    Known Rf Values

    • Carotene: 0.95
    • Phaeophytin: 0.83
    • Xanthophyll: 0.71
    • Chlorophyll a: 0.65
    • Chlorophyll b: 0.45

    Photosynthesis and Pigment Analysis

    • Photosynthesis can be used to produce biofuel.
    • Algae pigment analysis can be done through simulation.

    Intensity of Light and Wavelength

    • The intensity of light affects the rate of photosynthesis.
    • Different wavelengths of light have different effects on photosynthesis.

    Carbon Dioxide Requirement for Photosynthesis

    • Carbon dioxide is a requirement for photosynthesis.
    • The experiment involves using dilute phenol red solution and healthy Hydrilla sprigs to test the effect of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    Learn how to separate chloroplast pigments using paper chromatography. Observe color changes in test tubes under bright light and record observations in a worksheet. Explore how chromatography can help differentiate closely related compounds like pigments.

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