Podcast
Questions and Answers
Adults with the disorder are likely to text or phone their major ______ figures throughout the day.
Adults with the disorder are likely to text or phone their major ______ figures throughout the day.
attachment
Reports from children tend to yield higher rates of separation anxiety disorder than ______ reports of the child’s symptoms.
Reports from children tend to yield higher rates of separation anxiety disorder than ______ reports of the child’s symptoms.
parent
In adolescents in the United States, the 12-month prevalence is ______ %
In adolescents in the United States, the 12-month prevalence is ______ %
1.6
Separation anxiety disorder decreases in prevalence from childhood through ______ and adulthood.
Separation anxiety disorder decreases in prevalence from childhood through ______ and adulthood.
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The mean 12-month prevalence in adults across 18 countries is ______ %
The mean 12-month prevalence in adults across 18 countries is ______ %
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The onset of separation anxiety disorder may occur at any time during ______ and in adolescence.
The onset of separation anxiety disorder may occur at any time during ______ and in adolescence.
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Most adults report a ______ course of the disorder over their lifetime.
Most adults report a ______ course of the disorder over their lifetime.
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Periods of heightened separation anxiety from attachment figures are part of normal early ______.
Periods of heightened separation anxiety from attachment figures are part of normal early ______.
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Separation anxiety disorder also appears to aggregate in ______.
Separation anxiety disorder also appears to aggregate in ______.
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Cultural variations exist in the degree to which it is considered desirable to tolerate ______.
Cultural variations exist in the degree to which it is considered desirable to tolerate ______.
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Youth from ______ countries report higher symptoms of separation anxiety compared to U.S. youth.
Youth from ______ countries report higher symptoms of separation anxiety compared to U.S. youth.
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Separation anxiety disorder in children may be associated with an increased risk for ______.
Separation anxiety disorder in children may be associated with an increased risk for ______.
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Individuals with separation anxiety disorder often limit independent activities away from ______.
Individuals with separation anxiety disorder often limit independent activities away from ______.
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Adults with separation anxiety disorder may reorganize their work schedules because of anxieties about possible ______.
Adults with separation anxiety disorder may reorganize their work schedules because of anxieties about possible ______.
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Separation anxiety disorder is associated with greater reported impairment in individuals from high- and upper-middle-income ______.
Separation anxiety disorder is associated with greater reported impairment in individuals from high- and upper-middle-income ______.
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When diagnosing specific phobia in children, it is important to consider their ability to understand the concept of ______.
When diagnosing specific phobia in children, it is important to consider their ability to understand the concept of ______.
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In adolescents, symptoms may include not going away to ______.
In adolescents, symptoms may include not going away to ______.
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Excessive fears in young children are usually considered ______ appropriate.
Excessive fears in young children are usually considered ______ appropriate.
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In older populations, individuals may be more likely to endorse phobias related to the natural ______.
In older populations, individuals may be more likely to endorse phobias related to the natural ______.
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Specific phobia tends to co-occur with medical concerns like coronary heart disease and ______.
Specific phobia tends to co-occur with medical concerns like coronary heart disease and ______.
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Older individuals may manifest anxiety in an atypical manner, possibly involving symptoms of both anxiety and ______.
Older individuals may manifest anxiety in an atypical manner, possibly involving symptoms of both anxiety and ______.
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The presence of specific phobia in older adults is associated with decreased quality of ______.
The presence of specific phobia in older adults is associated with decreased quality of ______.
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Risk factors for specific phobia include traits like negative affectivity and behavioral ______.
Risk factors for specific phobia include traits like negative affectivity and behavioral ______.
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Phobias can develop at any age, often as a result of experiences that are ______.
Phobias can develop at any age, often as a result of experiences that are ______.
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Separation anxiety disorder predominantly concerns real or imagined separation from ______.
Separation anxiety disorder predominantly concerns real or imagined separation from ______.
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Unlike individuals with agoraphobia, those with separation anxiety disorder are not anxious about being ______.
Unlike individuals with agoraphobia, those with separation anxiety disorder are not anxious about being ______.
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The panic attacks in separation anxiety disorder occur in anticipation of real or imagined separations from ______.
The panic attacks in separation anxiety disorder occur in anticipation of real or imagined separations from ______.
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School avoidance in conduct disorder is not due to anxiety about ______.
School avoidance in conduct disorder is not due to anxiety about ______.
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In cases of social anxiety disorder, school avoidance is due to fear of being ______ negatively by others.
In cases of social anxiety disorder, school avoidance is due to fear of being ______ negatively by others.
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Fear of separation from loved ones is common after a traumatic event, particularly when periods of separation are experienced during the ______.
Fear of separation from loved ones is common after a traumatic event, particularly when periods of separation are experienced during the ______.
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In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the central symptoms concern intrusions about, and avoidance of, memories associated with the ______ event itself.
In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the central symptoms concern intrusions about, and avoidance of, memories associated with the ______ event itself.
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Separation anxiety disorder concerns worries about the health and ______ of close attachments.
Separation anxiety disorder concerns worries about the health and ______ of close attachments.
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Individuals with both daytime and nocturnal panic attacks tend to have more severe panic disorder overall due to worries about their ______.
Individuals with both daytime and nocturnal panic attacks tend to have more severe panic disorder overall due to worries about their ______.
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Common physical concerns include the fear that panic attacks reflect the presence of life-threatening illnesses, such as ______ disease.
Common physical concerns include the fear that panic attacks reflect the presence of life-threatening illnesses, such as ______ disease.
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Avoiding physical exertion and reorganizing daily life are examples of maladaptive changes made to ______ panic attacks.
Avoiding physical exertion and reorganizing daily life are examples of maladaptive changes made to ______ panic attacks.
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Individuals with panic disorder often anticipate a catastrophic outcome from a mild physical ______.
Individuals with panic disorder often anticipate a catastrophic outcome from a mild physical ______.
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The 12-month prevalence estimate for panic disorder across the United States is about ______% in adults and adolescents.
The 12-month prevalence estimate for panic disorder across the United States is about ______% in adults and adolescents.
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Panic disorder is often accompanied by excessive use of ______ to control symptoms.
Panic disorder is often accompanied by excessive use of ______ to control symptoms.
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Individuals with panic disorder may have pervasive concerns about their ability to complete daily ______.
Individuals with panic disorder may have pervasive concerns about their ability to complete daily ______.
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The global lifetime prevalence of panic disorder is estimated at ______%.
The global lifetime prevalence of panic disorder is estimated at ______%.
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Study Notes
Separation Anxiety Disorder Overview
- Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) leads adults to excessively contact major attachment figures throughout the day.
- Frequent communication creates frustration among family members, leading to resentment and conflict.
Prevalence Rates
- Approximately 4% prevalence in children aged 6-12 months.
- Equal prevalence among girls and boys in toddlers; however, school-age girls show higher rates than boys.
- In adolescents, the 12-month prevalence in the U.S. is 1.6%.
- Disorder prevalence decreases from childhood to adolescence and adulthood.
- In clinical samples, SAD is equally common among boys and girls, contrasting with community samples favoring higher rates in girls.
- Adult prevalence in the U.S. ranges from 0.9% to 1.9%, with women showing higher rates in both clinical and community studies.
- Across 18 countries, the mean adult prevalence is 1.0%, with 0.1% - 2.7% variant; prevalence in women is higher (1.3%) compared to men (0.8%).
Development and Course
- Heightened separation anxiety is normal in early development, indicating secure attachment (e.g., around age 1).
- Onset can occur as early as preschool age, throughout childhood, and into adolescence.
- Median onset among adults is late adolescence in high-income countries and mid-20s in lower-income countries.
- Symptoms often fluctuate, with individuals experiencing periods of exacerbation and remission.
- SAD can aggregate within families.
Cultural Considerations
- Cultural norms influence the perception of separation; some cultures prioritize interdependence.
- Variations in the expected age for children to leave parental homes exist globally.
- Taiwanese youth report higher separation anxiety symptoms compared to U.S. youth.
Association with Suicidal Thoughts
- Children and adolescents with SAD may have an increased risk for suicide, observed across other anxiety disorders with comorbidities.
- Bullying during childhood is identified as a significant risk factor for later suicidal thoughts.
Functional Consequences
- Individuals with SAD limit independent activities:
- Children may avoid school; adolescents may not transition to college; adults may refrain from leaving home or traveling far without close attachments.
- Symptoms severely impact adults, affecting work schedules and daily activities to maintain proximity to attachment figures.
Differential Diagnosis
- Differentiates from Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) by focusing on separation from attachment figures.
- In contrast to Panic Disorder, panic attacks in SAD are triggered by fears of separation.
- SAD fears differ from Agoraphobia; SAD focuses on leaving places of safety associated with attachment figures.
- Conduct Disorder and School Refusal involve school avoidance but not due to separation anxiety.
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may include separation fears post-trauma, but the focus remains on traumatic memories for diagnosis.
Specific Phobia and Older Adults
- Diagnosis of specific phobia must consider the developmental appropriateness and duration of symptoms.
- Older adults show a tendency towards specific phobias related to natural environments and declining health concerns.
- Specific phobias develop commonly in childhood but can occur at any life stage due to past traumatic experiences.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
- Temperamental risk factors include negative affectivity and behavioral inhibition.
- Environmental factors, such as experiences of panic attacks, influence severity and may lead to avoidance behaviors.
Associated Features
- Individuals with Panic Disorder often have broad anxieties related to health and mental well-being.
- Constant fear of catastrophic outcomes from mild symptoms is common.
- Many individuals engage in control behaviors to manage panic attacks, affecting everyday life quality.
Prevalence of Panic Disorder
- The 12-month prevalence for panic disorder is around 2%-3% in the U.S. and Europe.
- Global lifetime prevalence is estimated at 1.7%, with a projected 2.7% lifetime risk based on World Mental Health Surveys.
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Description
This quiz delves into the characteristics and prevalence of separation anxiety disorder, focusing on adult behaviors and familial impacts. It highlights the emotional dynamics between individuals with the disorder and their attachment figures, as well as statistics regarding its prevalence in children.
