Sensory Systems in Organisms

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What is the primary role of sensory systems in organisms?

They primarily function during sleep.

They help in the reproduction process.

They enable organisms to remain dormant.

They allow organisms to sense changes in their environment. (correct)

In simple organisms like Hydra, what kind of stimuli do they respond to?

Sound waves and vibrations.

Only visual stimuli.

Light, pH, and nutrient presence. (correct)

Temperature changes only.

How do sensory systems influence personal development?

They solely determine memories without influencing social interactions.

They only contribute to unique individual traits.

They affect physical, cognitive development, and social interactions. (correct)

They are irrelevant for physical and cognitive development.

What aspect of behavior were early descriptions primarily focused on?

Stimulus-response modeling. Signup and view all the answers

What unique behavior do Hydra display in a homogenous environment?

Endogenous activity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the medial retina in visual processing?

It sees the lateral visual field. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for coding the right visual field?

Left visual cortex Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the visual field when a lesion occurs in the visual pathway?

The effect on the visual field depends on the location of the lesion. Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors in the retina are primarily responsible for vision in bright light?

Cones Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue related to the refraction of light within the eye?

Astigmatism Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the process of signal transmission at a chemical synapse?

Action potentials arrive at the axon terminal Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is classified as a biogenic amine?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism do vesicles use to release neurotransmitters?

Exocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is known to inhibit action potential generation?

GABA Signup and view all the answers

What role does calcium (Ca2+) play in neurotransmitter release?

Calcium promotes vesicle fusion with the membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of neurotransmitter classification mentioned?

Steroids Signup and view all the answers

What follows after neurotransmitter binding to its receptor?

Activation of a signal transduction pathway Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is usually considered excitatory?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

What type of sensory receptors respond to chemicals by binding to specific receptors on cell membranes?

Chemoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

Where does sensory decussation occur before signals are relayed to the somatosensory cortex?

Medulla Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor type is specifically sensitive to temperature changes?

Thermoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nociceptors in the body?

Respond to various tissue-damaging stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which semitransparent cells are responsible for detecting light and initiating a series of reactions leading to signal transmission?

Photoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What structure acts as the gap through which neurotransmitters are transmitted between neurons?

Synaptic cleft Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stimuli can nociceptors respond to?

Mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What kind of receptors do rattlesnakes utilize to sense temperature?

Highly sensitive thermoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a receptor potential?

It is a graded response to a stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eye aids in focusing light onto the retina?

Ciliary body Signup and view all the answers

In the process of phototransduction, what happens to rhodopsin when exposed to light?

Retinal dissociates from opsin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the iris in vision?

Regulates the amount of light entering the eye. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of rods in the human eye?

Responds to dim light and peripheral vision. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the eye is known as the 'blind spot'?

Optic disc Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy is produced by sensory receptors when a stimulus is detected?

Electrical energy Signup and view all the answers

What determines the intensity of sensation from a stimulus?

Rate of neuron firing. Signup and view all the answers

How does the lens of the eye adjust to focus on objects at various distances?

By changing its curvature. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the retinal's pigmented layer?

Stops light reflection. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pupil in bright light conditions?

It constricts. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the ganglion cells in the retina?

Receive signals from bipolar cells. Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs at the optic chiasm?

Optic nerves partially cross. Signup and view all the answers