Sensory Receptors & Physiology

<p>Due to the adaptation of rapidly adapting receptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proprioceptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nociceptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nociceptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deformation, stretching, or bending (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor the degree of muscle stretching. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Found at the junction of tendons and muscles, they detect muscle tension. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulation of sensory neurons, which inhibits the motor neuron attached to the same tendon. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle Spindles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relaxation of the muscle attached to the same tendon. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By inducing muscle relaxation in response to high tension, preventing over-contraction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sensory neuron excites the integrating center, which inhibits the motor neuron. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired ability to sense and respond to excessive muscle tension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perception is the conscious awareness and interpretation of sensation, involving cortical processing, while sensation is simply the body's awareness of stimuli. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We lack sensory receptors that are sensitive to these forms of energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>General senses are widely distributed throughout the body, whereas special senses are concentrated in specific locations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conversion of the stimulus into a graded potential. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To conduct nerve impulses from the peripheral nervous system directly to the central nervous system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No action potential will be generated, and the sensory information will not be transmitted further. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each sensory neuron is specialized to carry information for only one specific sensory modality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cerebral cortex. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper motor neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle weakness, atrophy, and decreased reflexes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathways from the cerebellum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By influencing upper motor neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coordinating rhythmic movements and reflexes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influence motor activity through indirect pathways to lower motor neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased muscle tone, hyperreflexia, and spasticity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep sleep is more prominent earlier in the night, while REM sleep increases later in the night. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning is the acquisition of new information, while memory is the process of storing and retrieving that information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capability of the brain to change with learning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal ganglia, cerebellum, and cortex. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seconds or minutes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phantom limb sensations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep in the dermis, ligaments, and tendons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treating phantom limb pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Itch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves sustained deformation in deep tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Itch and tickle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tickle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detecting stretching as digits and limbs move (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional pain medicine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It originates from a limb that is no longer present. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free nerve endings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encapsulated structure and wide distribution throughout the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulations from other body parts being misinterpreted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The awareness of stimuli from the environment, either consciously or subconsciously.

The conscious awareness and interpretation of a sensation, involving precise localization in the cortex.

A specific type of sensation carried by a sensory neuron, like touch or vision.

Sensory modalities that include somatic and visceral senses, such as touch and pain.

Sensory modalities that involve smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium.

The process of converting a stimulus into a graded potential.

Neurons that conduct sensory nerve impulses from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) directly to the central nervous system (CNS).

The process by which a specific part of the CNS receives and processes sensory information.

Different from other sensory receptors; they synapse onto first-order neurons.

Receptors located near the surface of the body, receiving external stimuli.

Receptors located internally, monitoring the internal environment.

Receptors in muscles and joints sensing body position and movement.

Detect mechanical stimuli like touch, pressure, and vibration.

Sensors that detect changes in temperature.

Receptors that respond to changes in stimuli quickly (e.g., smell).

Receptors that continue to send signals as a stimulus persists (e.g., pain).

Proprioceptors that detect the stretching of muscles and trigger the stretch reflex.

Proprioceptors located at the junction of tendons and muscles, sensing tension.

A reflex that occurs when a muscle is stretched, causing it to contract.

Muscle fibers outside muscle spindles responsible for muscle contraction.

Nerves that carry signals from proprioceptors to the CNS regarding body position.

Area in the spinal cord that processes sensory input from proprioceptors.

Muscles that are activated or inhibited in response to sensory input from tendon organs.

A stage of sleep with deep restorative properties, occurring early in the night.

A sleep stage characterized by rapid eye movement and increased brain activity, occurring later in the night.

The ability to acquire new knowledge or skills and incorporate experiences.

The brain's capability to change its structure and function through learning.

Declarative memory is for facts and events; procedural memory is for skills and procedures.

Influences upper motor neurons in the cortex and brain stem.

Neurons that originate in the brain and send signals to lower motor neurons.

Neurons that directly innervate skeletal muscles and are the final common pathway.

Motor pathways that extend from various brain stem nuclei to influence LMNs indirectly.

Pathways that extend directly from upper motor neurons to lower motor neurons.

Influence upper motor neurons and help regulate voluntary movements.

Neurons that connect upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons at the local level.

Major source of upper motor neurons controlling voluntary movements.

The outermost layer of skin that provides a barrier.

The inner layer of skin containing connective tissue, vessels, and nerve endings.

The layer beneath the dermis, consisting of fat and connective tissue.

Slowly adapting mechanoreceptors sensitive to stretching in skin and joints.

Rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors that detect high-frequency vibrations and pressure.

Rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors that detect light touch and lower-frequency vibrations.

Pain receptors that detect harmful stimuli causing pain.

Occurs when free nerve endings are stimulated by certain chemicals, often in an inflammatory response.

A sensation caused by stimulation of free nerve endings, typically when touched by another person.

Sensation (often pain) perceived in an amputated limb due to nerve activity or brain rewiring.

Involves rapidly repetitive signals from tactile receptors detecting high or low-frequency vibrations.

Cutaneous receptors that adapt slowly and respond to pressure and texture.

Cutaneous receptors that are responsive to stretching and significant pressure changes.

A therapeutic technique that involves applying electrical impulses to manage pain, particularly in phantom limb cases.