Human Physiology: Sensory Receptors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which receptor type is primarily responsible for sensing changes in temperature?

Nociceptors

Thermoreceptors (correct)

Mechanoreceptors

Proprioceptors

Which of the following receptors is classified as a non-capsulated mechanoreceptor?

Merkel's disks (correct)

Pacinian Corpuscle

Golgi Tendon Organs

Ruffini corpuscles

Which type of receptor provides sensory information about pressure and vibration?

Proprioceptors

Exteroceptors

Mechanoreceptors (correct)

Visceroceptors

Where would you likely find peritrichial nerve endings?

Around hair follicles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following receptors is associated with the sensation of deep pressure?

Ruffini corpuscles Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor primarily transmits autonomic sensations from the viscera?

Visceroceptors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mechanoreceptor is characterized by an expanded unmyelinated nerve terminal?

Merkel's disks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nociceptors?

Responding to pain Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mechanoreceptor responds to stretch and pressure?

Mechanoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor type is specifically responsible for tactile localization?

Exteroceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of motor end plates?

Transmit motor impulses causing contraction of skeletal muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cell bodies of the first neurons (preganglionic fibers) located?

In the C.N.S nuclei Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for the body's fight or flight response?

Sympathetic division Signup and view all the answers

What type of nerve fibers cause contraction of smooth muscles?

Autonomic motor endings Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition surrounding large receptors that enhances their sensitivity to stretching and pressure?

Four to five layers of modified fibroblasts Signup and view all the answers

The origins of the parasympathetic system lie in which regions?

Sacral regions and brain Signup and view all the answers

In what part of the nervous system are the cell bodies of the second neurons (postganglionic fibers) located?

Autonomic ganglia Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for the release of neurotransmitters at a synapse?

Axon terminal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of secretory endings in the autonomic nervous system?

Stimulate gland secretion Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers leave the central nervous system through specific cranial and sacral spinal nerves?

Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates sensory ganglia from autonomic ganglia?

Sensory ganglia transmit sensory impulses to the CNS. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the connective tissue capsule surrounding large receptors?

Enhance sensitivity to stretching and pressure Signup and view all the answers

What defines an axoaxonic synapse?

A synapse between two axons. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are primarily found at the terminals of dendrites?

Sensory receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of postsynaptic receptors at a synapse?

To receive and bind neurotransmitters. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes autonomic ganglia?

They are located outside the CNS. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of ganglia would you find the cell bodies of sensory neurons?

Sensory ganglia Signup and view all the answers

Where are preganglionic fibers found in relation to autonomic ganglia?

They synapse with ganglion cells. Signup and view all the answers

What role do effectors play in the nervous system?

They transmit impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the synaptic cleft?

To provide a space for neurotransmitter diffusion. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglial cell found in the central nervous system?

Schwann cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microglia in the CNS?

Phagocytosis and immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which type of synapse occurs between an axon and a dendrite?

Axodendritic synapse Signup and view all the answers

Which neuroglial cells are known for forming a protective layer around nerve cell bodies in the ganglia?

Satellite cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of neuroglial cell secretes cerebrospinal fluid?

Ependymal cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glial cell exists in both the central and peripheral nervous systems but has different functions?

Neuroglia Signup and view all the answers

How many times more neuroglial cells are there compared to neurons in the nervous system?

Ten times Signup and view all the answers

What are ependymal cells modified into in the choroid plexus?

Secretory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Schwann cells can wrap around axons multiple times to form what type of sheath?

Myelin sheath Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Overview

The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord.
The brain receives and processes sensory information, initiates responses, stores memories, generates thoughts, and emotions.
The spinal cord conducts signals to and from the brain, and controls reflex activities.
The PNS transmits signals between the CNS and the rest of the body.
The PNS is further divided into the Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System.
The Somatic Nervous System controls voluntary movements.
The Autonomic Nervous System controls involuntary responses, such as heart rate and digestion.
The Autonomic Nervous System has two divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
The sympathetic division is associated with "fight or flight" responses.
The parasympathetic division is associated with "rest or digest" responses.

Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is composed of two main types of cells: nerve cells (neurons) and neuroglia.
Neurons are specialized cells designed to transmit electrical signals.
Neuroglia are supporting cells that provide support and protection for neurons.

Nerve Cells (Neurons)

Neurons have three main parts: a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles.
Dendrites receive incoming signals from other neurons.
The axon transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons or target organs.
Neurons come in different types, including multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons.
The structure of neurons is optimized for transmission of electrical signals.

Neuroglia

Neuroglia in the CNS include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.
Neuroglia in the PNS include Schwann cells and satellite cells.
Astrocytes provide metabolic and mechanical support for neurons.
Oligodendrocytes produce an insulating barrier called the myelin sheath in the CNS.
Microglia act as immune defense cells against invading microorganisms and pathogens.
Ependymal cells create, secrete, and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
Schwann cells produce an insulating barrier called the myelin sheath in the PNS.
Satellite cells support neuron cell bodies in ganglia.

Synapses

A synapse is the meeting point between two neurons, where signals are transmitted from one neuron to another.
Synapses have a structure designed for signal transmission.
Synapses are essential for communication in the nervous system.

Ganglia

Sensory ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS, that receive and transmit sensory impulses.
Autonomic ganglia are associated with the autonomic nervous system and are located within or near certain organs.
Ganglia are critical for integrating and relaying nerve signals.

Nerve Endings

Nerve endings include receptors and effectors.
Receptors receive stimuli or impulses from outside the body or from tissues and transmit these signals to the CNS.
Effectors transmit impulses from the CNS to skeletal or smooth muscles and glands (such as secretory endings), causing actions.
Receptors and effectors are essential for the overall function of the nervous system.

Receptors

Receptors are classified according to the site of stimulation, type of stimulation, and histological structure.
Receptors include exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and visceroceptors.
Receptors also include mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors (pain receptors) and those for special senses (such as sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell).
Different types of receptors detect and respond to different stimuli.

Effectors

Effectors transmit impulses from the CNS to perform specific responses.
The two types are somatic effectors, which stimulate skeletal muscle, and autonomic effectors, which stimulate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
Autonomic effectors use different neurotransmitters than somatic effectors.

Autonomic Nervous System Pathway

Autonomic pathways consist of two neurons that synapse in an autonomic ganglion.
Preganglionic fibers originate in the CNS, and postganglionic fibers connect to effectors.

Types of Ganglia

Ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS. Some types of Ganglia are sensory ganglia and autonomic ganglia, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on human sensory receptors with this informative quiz. It covers various receptor types responsible for temperature, pressure, vibration, and pain sensations. Enhance your understanding of the complex sensory systems in the human body.