Sensory Receptors Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of proprioreceptors?

  • They sense pain in internal organs.
  • They detect changes in temperature.
  • They detect the position and movement of the body. (correct)
  • They are responsible for the sense of taste.

    • Which of the following describes the role of interoreceptors?

  • They are responsible for detecting light.
  • They detect changes in sound waves.
  • They sense pressure and touch.
  • They detect pain in internal organs. (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the outer segment of a receptor cell?

  • It receives stimuli from the environment. (correct)
  • It converts chemical signals into electrical signals.
  • It generates energy through mitochondria.
  • It transmits action potentials to the brain.

    • How does a stimulus activate a receptor cell?

    <p>By opening or closing ion channels on the cell membrane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the change in membrane potential of a receptor cell in response to a stimulus?

    <p>Receptor potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the receptor potential reaches the threshold?

    <p>An action potential is generated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mitochondria in a receptor cell?

    <p>They generate energy for the cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature common to most receptor cells?

    <p>They release neurotransmitters. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of receptor receives information from contact with an external stimulus, such as touch or taste?

    <p>Exteroreceptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of sensory receptor classified by energy transduced?

    <p>Telereceptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sensory receptors is responsible for detecting changes in temperature?

    <p>Thermoreceptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor would be involved in sensing a distant sound, such as a car horn?

    <p>Telereceptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general function of sensory receptors in biophysics?

    <p>To convert environmental stimuli into electrochemical signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the intensity of a stimulus and the receptor potential?

    <p>The intensity of the stimulus is directly proportional to the receptor potential. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind Weber-Fechner's law?

    <p>Sensation increases logarithmically with the intensity of the stimulus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contribution of Steven's law to the understanding of stimulus perception?

    <p>It explains the exponential relationship between stimulus intensity and sensation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of adaptation in sensation?

    <p>To increase sensitivity to changing stimuli and decrease sensitivity to stable stimuli. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adaptation?

    <p>The degree of adaptation is the same for all sensory receptors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'receptor potential' refer to?

    <p>The electrical potential across the cell membrane of a sensory receptor cell in response to a stimulus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Weber-Fechner's law, how does the perceived intensity of a stimulus change as its actual intensity increases?

    <p>It increases at a decreasing rate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is K2 in Steven's Law?

    <p>A constant of proportionality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sensory Receptors

    • Sensory perception involves receiving and interpreting information from both the internal (e.g., movement, pain) and external (e.g., vision, hearing) environments.
    • Receptors act as energy transducers, converting various forms of energy into signals the body can understand.

    Types of Sensory Receptors

    • Classification by energy type:

      • Mechanoreceptors: respond to mechanical pressure or distortion
      • Thermoreceptors: respond to temperature changes
      • Photoreceptors: respond to light

    • Classification by complexity:

      • Free nerve endings: simple structures, often involved in pain and temperature detection
      • Sensory bodies (or encapsulated nerve endings): more complex structures with specialized coverings, frequently involved in touch and pressure
      • Sensory cells: cells specialized for particular sensory functions (e.g., taste, smell)

    • Classification by location of stimuli:

      • Exteroreceptors: receive stimuli from outside the body (e.g., touch, sight, hearing)
      • Interoreceptors: receive stimuli from within the body (e.g., pain in internal organs)
      • Proprioreceptors: receive info about body position and movement (e.g., muscles, tendons)
      • Telereceptors: detect stimuli from a distance (e.g., sight, hearing, smell)

    Receptor Cells and Their Features

    • Sensory receptors consist of two segments: an outer segment, which receives the stimulus, and an inner segment with mitochondria responsible for energy production.
    • When a stimulus activates the outer segment, ion channels open or close, causing changes in membrane potential in the cell. This change, called receptor potential, is a graded potential.
    • If the receptor potential reaches a threshold level, it triggers an action potential.
    • The intensity of the stimulus is directly proportional to the magnitude of the receptor potential and the frequency of action potentials.

    Weber-Fechner and Steven's Law

    • Weber-Fechner Law: Stimulus intensity and sensation intensity are not directly proportional. A larger change in the stimulus is required to detect a difference in sensation as stimulation levels increase.
    • Stevens' Law: The relationship between stimulus intensity and perceived intensity of a sensation is not linear but follows a power law. This means that perceived magnitude increases at a slower rate than the intensity of the stimulus.
    • Adaptation: Receptors can adapt, meaning their sensitivity to a constant stimulus decreases over time. Different sensory systems exhibit different levels of adaptation (e.g., pain receptors adapt slowly).

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of sensory receptors, which play a crucial role in how we perceive and interpret both internal and external stimuli. This quiz delves into the different types of sensory receptors, their classifications, and their functions in sensory perception.

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