Sensory Integration and Brain Development
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Questions and Answers

What happens to a child's brain if it is deprived of sensory information?

  • It stays the same
  • It becomes more organized
  • It develops faster
  • It malfunctions (correct)
  • What is an adaptive response in the context of sensory integration?

  • Organizing successful, goal-directed action on the environment (correct)
  • Rejecting sensory or motor challenges
  • Experiencing stress due to overstimulation
  • Ignoring sensory information
  • What is the result of neural plasticity in brain development?

  • A fixed structure that cannot be changed
  • The ability of experience to shape development of neural circuits both structurally and functionally (correct)
  • The development of higher-brain centers before more primitive parts of the CNS
  • A decrease in synaptic connections
  • What is the significance of the proximal senses (vestibular, tactile, and proprioceptive) in shaping interactions with the world?

    <p>They are important in shaping interactions with the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur when sensory integration does not work well in children?

    <p>They may experience challenges with occupations, reject sensory or motor challenges, and if long-term, miss important experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an enriched environment on brain development?

    <p>Increases in synaptic connections, efficiency, and tissue size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal level of challenge for a child's nervous system to organize sensory information and search for more challenges?

    <p>Just right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what age are scores of sensory integration capabilities mature as an adult's?

    <p>7-8 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of documenting findings in occupational therapy evaluation?

    <p>To reflect decision making strategies and clinical reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of goal writing in occupational therapy?

    <p>On occupation-based, measurable, and meaningful goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between social interaction, social skills, and social participation?

    <p>Social skills are necessary for effective social interaction and social participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do benchmarks differ from short-term objectives in occupational therapy?

    <p>Benchmarks are chronological steps towards a long-term goal, while objectives are discrete skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of environmental influences on social participation in children with disabilities?

    <p>Environmental barriers can limit social participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of refining the hypothesis in occupational therapy evaluation?

    <p>To develop a comprehensive understanding of the child's strengths and needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of social competence development in occupational therapy?

    <p>On developing social skills for social participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the PMI strategy in occupational therapy evaluation?

    <p>To synthesize evaluation findings in the child's strengths and needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between social participation and identity development in children with disabilities?

    <p>Social participation leads to positive disability identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of considering the element of choice in friendships between children with and without disabilities?

    <p>It is an essential component of meaningful friendships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of occupational therapy early intervention practices?

    <p>To promote development and independence in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of conducting interventions in natural environments?

    <p>Child level of comfort and easy to offer natural learning opportunities within daily family routines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who can be involved in therapy sessions in natural environments?

    <p>Grandparents, childcare providers, and siblings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of natural intervention strategies?

    <p>Incorporating incidental learning opportunities during typical activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge of using natural environments for interventions?

    <p>Family-centered approach is not consistently implemented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of skills learned in natural environments?

    <p>They are more likely to be generalized to other environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of occupational therapy in natural environments?

    <p>To guide and support caregivers to provide opportunities for children to participate in natural learning environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of natural learning environments?

    <p>Interesting, engaging, and providing opportunities for exploring and mastering competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neurobiologically Based Concepts

    • The brain is designed to process sensory information, but can malfunction if deprived of sensory experiences or nurturing care
    • Children require a caregiver and sensorimotor exploration to develop cognitively, socially, and emotionally
    • Too much stimulation can be stressful and detrimental to brain development
    • Children must organize and respond to sensory input to interact with their environment

    Sensory Integration and Adaptive Responses

    • Sensory integration involves the brain processing sensory information to guide goal-directed action on the environment
    • Adaptive responses occur when children successfully organize and respond to sensory information
    • Examples include riding a bike, which requires integrating vestibular and proprioceptive sensations to balance

    Neural Plasticity and Environmental Enrichment

    • Neural plasticity is the brain's ability to change and adapt through experience
    • When children make adaptive responses, changes occur in neural synapses and circuits
    • Enriched environments lead to increased synaptic connections, efficiency, and tissue size
    • Primitive parts of the central nervous system develop before higher-brain centers mature

    Sensory Integrative Development and Childhood Occupations

    • Proximal senses (vestibular, tactile, and proprioceptive) are important for shaping interactions with the world
    • By age 7-8, children's sensory integration capabilities approach those of adults
    • The "just right challenge" stimulates the nervous system to organize sensory information and seek more challenges

    Sensory Integration Problems

    • Sensory integration problems can occur with or without diagnosed disorders
    • Integrative differences involve the central nervous system rather than peripheral sensory functions
    • These problems can lead to challenges with occupations, rejecting sensory or motor challenges, and missing important experiences

    Occupational Therapy Early Intervention Practices

    • Promote development and independence in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functions
    • Guide and support caregivers to provide opportunities for children to participate in natural learning environments with typically developing peers

    Occupational Therapy in Natural Environments

    • Natural environments include grandparents' homes, swimming pools, and local libraries
    • Interventions in natural settings promote acquisition of functional motor, social, and communication skills
    • Grandparents, childcare providers, and siblings can be present during therapy sessions
    • Natural intervention strategies incorporate incidental learning opportunities during typical activities and interactions with peers/adults

    Refine Hypothesis

    • Develop a hypothesis about reasons for occupational performance difficulties
    • Use frameworks or theories to guide the process
    • Synthesize evaluation information, including child strengths, deficits, and interesting aspects

    Document Findings

    • Purpose: communicate information about clients, recommendations, and records of services
    • Reflect decision-making strategies and clinical reasoning
    • Evaluation reports include referral information, client information, description of occupational performance issues, tools, findings, interpretation, and recommendations

    Using Evaluation Findings to Drive Intervention Planning

    • Direct connections between concerns, tools, goal areas, intervention focus, and discharge qualification
    • Goal writing is observable, occupation-based, measurable, and meaningful to the client

    Goal Components

    • Person + daily occupation/routine + specific context
    • Observable and measurable target behavior (verb)
    • Context: when certain skills will be performed, where, and who

    Objective versus Benchmarks

    • Short-term objectives and benchmarks provide a logical breakdown of long-term goals and serve as guideposts
    • Short-term objectives: discrete skills leading up to a more functional outcome
    • Benchmarks: consider one long-term goal and break it down into chronological steps

    Social Participation

    • Engagement in activities with community, family, peers, or friends in interpersonal interactions and relationships
    • Promoting social participation in natural contexts is vital
    • Social participation develops and changes across the lifespan

    Relationship Between Social Interaction, Social Skills, and Social Participation

    • Social interactions: processes by which people act and react to those around them
    • Social skills: socially acceptable learned behaviors enabling people to interact with others and elicit positive responses
    • Social skills are necessary for effective social interaction

    Social Participation and Identity Development

    • Social participation can lead to positive disability identity through mentorship, support, and modeling
    • Interacting with someone with a similar disability can teach new skills and insights for dealing with similar problems

    Friendships

    • Infant social relationships begin with caretakers, setting a template for relationships throughout life
    • Children develop self-awareness, communication, and understanding of thoughts and feelings, increasing their social skills
    • Adolescence: friendships become more complex, shaped by reciprocity, intimacy, self-disclosure, and emotional support
    • Students with disabilities experience fewer social interactions and invitations
    • Element of choice is essential for genuine friendships between children with and without disabilities

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    Related Documents

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    Description

    Explore the role of sensory integration in brain development, including the impact of sensory deprivation and overstimulation on cognitive, social, and emotional functioning.

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