Sensory and Motor Neurons
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?

  • Sthen/o
  • Sacr/o
  • Myco/o
  • Myo/o (correct)

    • What does the term intrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?

  • Intrinsic describes the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts.
  • Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region. (correct)
  • Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in different body regions.
  • Intrinsic describes the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does move when the muscle contracts.

    • Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

  • Tendon
  • Origin (correct)
  • Belly
  • Insertion

    • Which term describes bending a body part anteriorly (except in regard to the knee)?

    <p>Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action describes bringing the thumb into the palm?

    <p>Opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle?

    <p>Fixator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you pour soup from your hand by holding the bowl in your palm and turning it upside down, what muscle action are you performing?

    <p>Supination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is required for muscle cell function?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

    <p>46–56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscular disorder is characterized by painful muscle spasms?

    <p>Cramp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for hearing?

    <p>Temporal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>All of these are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>Vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is not found on the thigh or leg?

    <p>Brachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles closes the eye?

    <p>Orbicularis oculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?

    <p>All of these muscles insert on the mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?

    <p>Epicranial aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the PNS prepares the body for physical activity or fight or flight?

    <p>Sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron carries the nerve impulse?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of a neuron usually receives the information?

    <p>Dendrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the axon is called the trigger zone?

    <p>Axon hillock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a muscle's response to nerve stimulation?

    <p>A muscle's response to nerve stimulation is based on the threshold amount of acetylcholine fitting into receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

    <p>Sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a power stroke?

    <p>Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?

    <p>Myo/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term extrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?

    <p>Extrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in different body regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes moving a body part toward the midline?

    <p>Adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action means to make a circle with part of the body?

    <p>Circumduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for muscles that have opposite actions?

    <p>Antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not found on the back or buttocks?

    <p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the PNS prepares the body for physical activity or fight or flight?

    <p>Sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron carries the nerve impulse?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron usually receives the information?

    <p>Dendrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the axon is called the trigger zone?

    <p>Axon hillock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals are required for muscle cell function?

    <p>Calcium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

    <p>46–56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscular disorder is characterized by a part of the viscera protruding through the abdominal wall?

    <p>Hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles does not originate on the humerus?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rectus abdominis?

    <p>To compress the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles extends and laterally rotates the hip?

    <p>Gluteus maximus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?

    <p>Tibialis anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for hearing?

    <p>Temporal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>All of these are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>Vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a muscle's response to nerve stimulation?

    <p>All of these answers are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

    <p>Sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is at the insertion of the muscle?

    <p>Effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?

    <p>Myo/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term intrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?

    <p>Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals are required for muscle cell function?

    <p>Calcium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

    <p>46–56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function of the muscular system is performed when a person's facial expression can tell you how they feel?

    <p>Communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the muscle action of bringing the thumb into the palm?

    <p>Opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the muscle action of raising the shoulders or closing the jaw?

    <p>Elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the muscle action of lowering the shoulders or opening the jaw?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a muscle of the head or neck?

    <p>Pectoralis major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for hearing?

    <p>Temporal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>All of these are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>Vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

    <p>Sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a muscle contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a sustained muscle contraction?

    <p>Tetany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and under conscious control?

    <p>Skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the PNS prepares the body for physical activity or fight or flight?

    <p>Sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of a neuron carries the nerve impulse?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron usually receives the information?

    <p>Dendrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the axon is called the trigger zone?

    <p>Axon hillock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is not found on the thigh or leg?

    <p>Brachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles closes the eye?

    <p>Orbicularis oculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?

    <p>All of these muscles insert on the mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?

    <p>Epicranial aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes moving a body part away from the midline?

    <p>Abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action means to spin on an axis?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action describes bringing the thumb into the palm?

    <p>Opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a muscle of the head or neck?

    <p>Pectoralis major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?

    <p>Myo/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term intrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?

    <p>Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is not found on the thigh or leg?

    <p>Brachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rectus abdominis?

    <p>To compress the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles does not originate on the humerus?

    <p>Brachioradialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle?

    <p>Epimysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for hearing?

    <p>Temporal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>All of these are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major components of the diencephalon?

    <p>Thalamus and hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the PNS prepares the body for physical activity or fight or flight?

    <p>Sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron carries the nerve impulse?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of a neuron usually receives the information?

    <p>Dendrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found at the end of each axon?

    <p>Terminal arborization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals are required for muscle cell function?

    <p>Calcium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

    <p>46–56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the aging of the muscular system is not true?

    <p>Our diet and lifestyle solely determine the rate and extent of muscle loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a muscle's response to nerve stimulation?

    <p>All of these answers are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

    <p>Sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a power stroke?

    <p>Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?

    <p>Myo/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term intrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?

    <p>Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle action describes bringing the thumb into the palm?

    <p>Opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle action describes raising the shoulders or closing the jaw?

    <p>Elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle action describes lowering the shoulders or opening the jaw?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a muscle of the head or neck?

    <p>Pectoralis major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals are required for muscle cell function?

    <p>Calcium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

    <p>46–56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles does not originate on the humerus?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rectus abdominus?

    <p>To compress the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscular disorder is characterized by painful muscle spasms?

    <p>Cramp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of a neuron carries the nerve impulse?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connective tissue that surrounds several muscles of an area forming muscle compartments?

    <p>Fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the PNS prepares the body for physical activity or fight or flight?

    <p>Sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles inserts on the metacarpals and the carpals?

    <p>Extensor carpi radialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of a neuron usually receives the information?

    <p>Dendrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found at the end of each axon?

    <p>Terminal arborization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for hearing?

    <p>Temporal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>All of these are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>Vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a muscle's response to nerve stimulation?

    <p>All of these answers are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

    <p>Sliding filament theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a power stroke?

    <p>Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

    <p>Fixator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action describes bending a body part anteriorly (except in regard to the knee)?

    <p>Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action describes moving a body part away from the midline?

    <p>Abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle action means to spin on an axis?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following word roots refers to muscle?

    <p>Myo/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

    <p>Origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term intrinsic refer to in regard to muscle?

    <p>Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for hearing?

    <p>Temporal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>All of these are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum?

    <p>Vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is not found on the thigh or leg?

    <p>Brachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles close the eye?

    <p>Orbicularis oculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?

    <p>All of these muscles insert on the mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?

    <p>Epicranial aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals are required for muscle cell function?

    <p>Calcium and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dietary recommended daily allowance of protein for a person of average weight?

    <p>46–56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the aging of the muscular system is not true?

    <p>Our diet and lifestyle solely determine the rate and extent of muscle loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the PNS prepares the body for physical activity or fight or flight?

    <p>Sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron carries the nerve impulse?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of a neuron usually receives the information?

    <p>Dendrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What insulates the axon?

    <p>Myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a muscle's response to nerve stimulation?

    <p>All of these answers are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a power stroke?

    <p>Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Relaxation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an event that occurs in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?

    <p>Acetylcholine is released and fits into the receptors on the muscle cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron?

    <p>B) Action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes sensory neurons that carry nerve impulses from receptors towards the central nervous system?

    <p>B) Afferent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the bending of light rays as they pass through different mediums?

    <p>A) Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the specialized junction between two neurons, where signals are transmitted from one neuron to another or to an effector cell?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the nerve pathways that carry signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands?

    <p>Descending tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sensory receptor is specialized to detect harmful stimuli, potentially causing tissue damage?

    <p>Nociceptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the nerve pathways that carry signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands?

    <p>Descending tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where the eye's lens changes shape to focus on near or distant objects?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sensory receptor is specialized to detect harmful stimuli, potentially causing tissue damage?

    <p>Nociceptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the specialized junction between two neurons, where signals are transmitted from one neuron to another or to an effector cell?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the nerve pathways that carry signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands?

    <p>Descending tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where the eye's lens changes shape to focus on near or distant objects?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Terminology and Functions

    • Word roots related to muscle include "myo" and "sarc."
    • "Intrinsic" muscle refers to muscles that belong to the part they act on.
    • The attachment of a muscle to an immovable bone is known as the origin.
    • Flexion describes bending a body part anteriorly.
    • Opposing muscle actions are referred to as antagonistic actions.
    • Bringing the thumb into the palm is called opposition.
    • A muscle stabilizing the origin of another muscle is termed a synergist.
    • Pouring soup from a bowl involves wrist flexion.
    • Calcium is essential for muscle cell function.

    Nutritional Guidelines

    • The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of protein for an average weight individual is approximately 46-56 grams, varying by age and sex.

    Muscular Disorders and System Functions

    • Muscle spasms are a characteristic symptom of muscular disorders like cramps.
    • A hernia is when a part of the viscera protrudes through the abdominal wall.
    • Functions of the muscular system include movement, posture maintenance, and heat production; it does not store minerals.

    Cerebral Lobe Functions

    • The temporal lobe is responsible for hearing.
    • The frontal lobe is involved in decision-making, impulse control, and voluntary movement.
    • The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing.

    Muscular Actions and Classification

    • Adduction involves moving a body part toward the midline.
    • Circular movements are referred to as circumduction.
    • Opposite movements are classified as antagonistic.
    • The muscle action of raising shoulders is referred to as elevation, while lowering is termed depression.

    Neuron Structure and Function

    • The axon transmits nerve impulses.
    • Dendrites receive information from other neurons.
    • The trigger zone of a neuron is typically at the axon hillock.
    • Synaptic terminals are found at the end of each axon.

    Muscle Contraction Mechanisms

    • The sliding filament theory explains muscle contraction where thick and thin myofilaments slide past each other.
    • A power stroke refers to the action of the myosin heads pulling actin filaments during contraction.
    • Calcium reabsorption into the sarcoplasmic reticulum occurs during the relaxation phase of a contraction.

    Muscle Types and Control

    • Skeletal muscle tissue is voluntary and under conscious control.
    • The epimysium is the connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle.
    • Statements regarding the aging of the muscular system may include misconceptions about muscle loss and function retention; age-related decline is a natural process but varies among individuals.

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    Test your knowledge on the functions of sensory and motor neurons with this quiz. Determine which type of neuron carries afferent or outgoing messages, and which carries efferent or incoming messages to and from the brain.

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