Sensors and Control Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the behavior of a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) sensor as temperature increases?

Resistance decreases (correct)

Resistance increases

Resistance fluctuates randomly

Resistance remains constant

How does a piezoelectric pressure sensor function?

It measures pressure based on electromagnetic induction

It generates thermal energy from pressure

It changes capacitance as pressure alters a diaphragm

It accumulates electric charge from mechanical stress (correct)

What primary function does a rotary encoder serve?

Measure rotational positioning (correct)

Convert light into electrical signals

Detect acceleration changes

Calculate distance using ultrasonic waves

Which type of sensor translates the amplitude of sound into an electrical voltage?

Sound sensor Signup and view all the answers

How do ultrasonic distance sensors determine the distance to an object?

By calculating the time taken for emitted sound waves to return Signup and view all the answers

What does a force sensor primarily convert?

Mechanical load or tension into an electrical output Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a pressure sensor's piezoresistive design?

Resistance changes as pressure deforms the material Signup and view all the answers

Which sensor detects changes in acceleration and produces a voltage based on that change?

Accelerometer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the GPIO.cleanup() function in Python?

To clear all input and output pins Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary disadvantage of using an on-off controller?

It cannot fix changes due to disturbances. Signup and view all the answers

Which wire gauge provides the highest amperage capability?

A.W.G 12 Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the difference between the process variable and the set point in a closed loop system?

Error (e) Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential characteristic of analog sensors?

They must convert signals into digital formats using an external ADC. Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does a PID controller have over proportional controllers?

It eliminates steady state error. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a limit switch?

It detects the presence of objects. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of a closed loop system takes the longest time to stabilize to a final value?

Settling Time Signup and view all the answers

What type of device would a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) typically be categorized as?

Input device Signup and view all the answers

How does a proportional controller react as the error increases?

It applies correction proportional to the error. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about digital devices is true?

They typically include a built-in ADC. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the GPIO.output() function when setting the voltage of a pin?

To set the voltage of the specified pin to HIGH or LOW Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a sensor in a closed loop control system?

To measure the process variable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the overshoot in control systems?

It represents the maximum amount exceeding the final value. Signup and view all the answers

Which function is used to pause the execution of a program in Python?

time.sleep() Signup and view all the answers

Why is a PID controller widely applicable in various control systems?

It addresses various error types effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What is a rule-of-thumb for reducing the proportional gain 𝐾𝑝?

Reduce it by half Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the design process is feasibility analyzed?

Feasibility Signup and view all the answers

Which statement type indicates a mandatory requirement in a design requirements document?

Shall Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of statements found in the requirements document?

Shall, Will, Should Signup and view all the answers

What are the key elements to consider when designing a system?

Value, Efficiency, Aesthetics Signup and view all the answers

What is an output of the conceptual design phase?

Concept Study Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when analyzing design requirements?

To guarantee expected functionality Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'internal requirements' refer to in the design process?

Specific criteria set by the company or engineer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the initial project stage described?

Minimizing errors and managing costs Signup and view all the answers

Which method is typically used to evaluate each design idea numerically?

Weighted trade studies Signup and view all the answers

In preliminary design, what is being defined?

The overall system configuration Signup and view all the answers

What does verification primarily check for?

Meeting specifications of the system Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of weighted test studies in design evaluation?

To compare and assign scores to various designs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of costs is mainly associated with investments in factory tooling?

Upfront (Fixed) Costs Signup and view all the answers

In production planning, what is NOT a focus?

Evaluating market demand for the product Signup and view all the answers

What does obsolescence refer to in the context of product utility?

Loss of utility not due to physical deterioration Signup and view all the answers

What factor directly contributes to technical obsolescence?

Increased Efficiency and Performance Signup and view all the answers

Which type of obsolescence occurs when an asset is prohibited from use due to legal orders?

Legal Obsolescence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method to mitigate technical obsolescence?

Extending Product Lifespan Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of functional obsolescence?

An asset that no longer meets the owner's current needs Signup and view all the answers

How can economic obsolescence be defined?

Replacement due to more cost-efficient alternatives Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common hazard in mechatronics?

Information Theft Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of maintaining safety in mechatronic systems?

Enhanced Productivity Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of aesthetic obsolescence?

Products becoming outdated in appeal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mechatronics

Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary engineering field that integrates mechanical systems, electrical engineering, and control systems.
Mechatronic systems have a control-sensing-action model.
Sensing systems use sensors (analog-to-digital conversion).
Control systems are either open-loop or closed-loop.
Action systems use actuators (motors and other energy-transforming devices).

Control Systems (CS)

Control systems are classified as SISO or MIMO based on the number of inputs and outputs.
They are interconnections of components configured to produce a desired system response.
Sensors measure external signals.
Actuators enable physical movement.

Open-Loop Control Systems

Advantages include simplicity, low cost, quick response, and low maintenance
Disadvantages include inaccuracy, inflexibility, and sensitivity to disturbances.
Open loop systems achieve control without feedback.

Closed-Loop Control Systems

Advantages include accuracy and adaptability.
Disadvantages include complexity, higher cost, and slower response.
Includes measurement of the output and feedback to compare it with the desired output.

Role of AI

AI can improve control systems by enabling autonomous decisions.

Digital vs. Analog

Digital systems involve discrete, finite values like 1 and 0.
Digital systems are less susceptible to noise and interference.
Analog systems have infinite values.
Analog systems are more prone to noise and interference.

Pulse-width Modulation (PWM)

Used to increase or decrease the average power delivered to the load
Measures the proportion of a time period the switch is ON vs. OFF (Duty Cycle).

DC Motors

Interaction between magnetic fields allows the shaft to move.
Commutators and brushes reverse voltage to change direction.

Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs)

Used to convert continuous analog signals into discrete digital values. Includes sampling and quantizing the analog signal.
Higher bit resolution equates to higher accuracy.

Controllers

PID controllers are a common type of closed loop controller used to maintain stable performance involving proportional, integral and derivative control actions.

Control System Design

Designing control systems is an iterative and complex process that involves several steps (including assessing the required functionality).
Systems engineering approaches are employed and tools are applied.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various types of sensors and control systems. This quiz covers topics such as NTC sensors, rotary encoders, pressure sensors, and the functionality of controllers. Perfect for anyone studying electronics, instrumentation, or automation.