25 Questions
What determines if a person will feel positive or negative emotions according to the text?
The type of situation they are in
What does a reward smile signal?
Positive intentions
What contributes to a greater emotional impact on a person according to the text?
Unexpected events
How are people likely to react to reward smiles?
Behave positively
How can emotions change according to the text?
By changing how they see the situation
What is the effect of seeing standard facial poses on people?
Higher sensitivity to facial cues
What is emphasized as the basis of emotions in the text?
The meaning of the situation
Which type of smile can be associated with wanting to show higher social or moral status?
Dominance smile
Emotions can have a subjective sense of what else besides pleasure or distress?
Physiological reactions
How do people typically react when they see standard facial poses of emotion?
Activation of relevant facial muscles
What is the exception to the sense of wanting to do things?
Lack of readiness
Which statement best describes the link between behaviours and the state of action readiness?
Behaviors are always consistent with the state of action readiness.
How does the social context affect behavior according to the text?
Behavior varies greatly depending on the social context.
What aspect of emotional episodes/events is highlighted in the text?
Role of memory in storing emotions
How does representation of an emotion episode/event in memory differ from other memories?
It involves a memory of the motor behavior during the emotion.
What are the components of emotional intelligence discussed in the text?
Can you label your emotions? Do you have a complex understanding of your emotions?
What is affect intensity according to the text?
Disposition to react strongly to emotion-eliciting events
Which personality characteristics are most correlated with emotions according to the text?
Neuroticism and extraversion
What distinguishes individualistic cultures from collectivistic cultures regarding emotions?
Individualistic cultures feel more happiness and less guilt
How does affect intensity differ from affective lability?
Intensity measures the strength of emotion, lability measures how emotions change over time
Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to label emotions accurately and have a complex understanding of one's emotions.
True
Affect intensity is the tendency to experience intense emotions constantly without any specific triggers.
False
Neuroticism is more associated with consistent positive affect like happiness and enthusiasm.
False
In individualistic cultures, people report feeling more guilt and less happiness compared to collectivistic cultures.
False
Emotions are described as within people in collectivistic cultures and between people in individualistic cultures.
True
Study Notes
Emotions and Reactions
- Emotions are a type of reaction a person has to a situation, considered relevant to their needs, goals, or values.
- Positive emotions occur when events satisfy or promise to satisfy goals, needs, or values, while negative emotions occur when events harm or threaten them.
- Emotions have a greater impact when events change the current situation, especially if they are unexpected.
Subjective Experience
- Emotions involve a sense of pleasure or pain/distress, accompanied by physiological reactions (e.g., heart pounding).
- Emotions also involve a sense of wanting to take action, with some exceptions like sadness.
- Facial expressions and body movements are tied to the emotional state and action readiness.
Physiology and Behaviour
- Emotions are linked to underlying autonomic and hormonal systems, but there is no consistent pattern of underlying physiology for different emotions.
- Behaviour resulting from an emotional reaction depends on the mental state and social context of the person.
- Embodied emotional episodes are stored in memory, including the motor behaviour that occurred during the emotional event.
Embodiment and Memory
- Memories of emotional events include the motor behaviour that occurred during the event.
- Recall of an emotional event can prime motor behaviour, and motor behaviour can prime emotional reactions.
- If people cannot experience emotions in their bodies, it can interfere with their subjective emotional experience.
Emotional Experience
- People feel emotions when the situation is meaningful to them, which leads to physiological reactions and a subjective sense of wanting to take action.
- Emotional events involve behaviour and are embodied in memory.
- There is no one-size-fits-all approach to emotional experiences, and people may show emotion in their behaviour without being aware of it.
Explore the concept of having a desire to engage in activities and being aware of the state of action readiness, including approach or avoid behaviors. This includes flight, fight, tend and befriend responses, as well as avoidance and approach tendencies.
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