Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is subliminal stimulation?
What is subliminal stimulation?
Which principle is demonstrated when we tend to perceive smoothly connected figures over disjointed ones?
Which principle is demonstrated when we tend to perceive smoothly connected figures over disjointed ones?
What does bottom-up processing refer to?
What does bottom-up processing refer to?
In perceptual organization, what does the figure-ground principle state?
In perceptual organization, what does the figure-ground principle state?
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What is shape constancy?
What is shape constancy?
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Which of the following best describes monocular cues?
Which of the following best describes monocular cues?
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What does the term 'closure' refer to in perceptual organization?
What does the term 'closure' refer to in perceptual organization?
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Which principle explains why we group items that are placed close together?
Which principle explains why we group items that are placed close together?
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What is described as the gradual reduction of detail on a surface as it moves into the distance?
What is described as the gradual reduction of detail on a surface as it moves into the distance?
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Which binocular cue detects depth based on the tension of the eye muscles when focusing on an object?
Which binocular cue detects depth based on the tension of the eye muscles when focusing on an object?
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What process involves inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene?
What process involves inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene?
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Which sense is primarily responsible for balance and spatial orientation?
Which sense is primarily responsible for balance and spatial orientation?
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What term describes the ability to psychically read another person's mind?
What term describes the ability to psychically read another person's mind?
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The difference in the location of the visual image on each retina is known as?
The difference in the location of the visual image on each retina is known as?
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Which phenomenon explains why objects appear to move at different speeds as we move through a scene?
Which phenomenon explains why objects appear to move at different speeds as we move through a scene?
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Which of the following best describes the system that senses the position and movement of individual body parts?
Which of the following best describes the system that senses the position and movement of individual body parts?
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What defines the term 'sensation' in the context of sensory processing?
What defines the term 'sensation' in the context of sensory processing?
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What does the term 'difference threshold' refer to?
What does the term 'difference threshold' refer to?
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According to Weber's Law, what is true about the Just Noticeable Difference (JND)?
According to Weber's Law, what is true about the Just Noticeable Difference (JND)?
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What does Signal-Detection Theory explain?
What does Signal-Detection Theory explain?
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What is the Absolute Threshold?
What is the Absolute Threshold?
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Which term refers to the reduction in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time?
Which term refers to the reduction in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time?
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What role do feature detectors play in perception?
What role do feature detectors play in perception?
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How does sensitization differ from desensitization?
How does sensitization differ from desensitization?
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Study Notes
Sensation & Perception
- Sensation is the stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system.
- Sensation occurs in sensory organs like the eyes and ears.
- Perception is the process of organizing sensations into an inner representation of the world.
- Stimuli are forms of energy that affect sense organs.
- Absolute Threshold is the weakest amount of stimulus that can be distinguished from no stimulus at all (detected 50% of the time).
Difference Threshold
- Difference Threshold (JND) is the minimum difference in magnitude between two stimuli required to tell them apart.
- Weber's Law states that I = k ΔI where I is the stimulus intensity and ΔI is the JND.
Signal Detection Theory
- Signal Detection Theory explains how we detect 'signals'.
- Signal detection involves how sensory systems make judgments about incoming stimuli.
Sensory Adaptations
- Sensory adaptations are the reduction in sensitivity to a stimulus after constant exposure.
- Sensitization is making someone aware.
- Desensitization reduces or eliminates a negative response to a stimulus.
Feature Detectors
- Feature detectors in the visual cortex are specialized cells that detect specific stimuli like movement, angles, and shapes.
- These cells send information to neural networks or supercell clusters that perform tasks.
Visual Perception
- Visual cortex uses rules to understand images, without conscious effort.
- Perceptual Organization implies that we always see things in a new way; objects, lighting, and angles are never exactly the same in every scene we encounter.
Gestalt Principles
- Figure-Ground: We organize images to have parts stand out (figure) in front of others (background).
- Reversible Figures: Figures that change how we perceive them based on the ownership of contour lines.
- Closure: Filling in missing parts of a figure.
- Proximity: Grouping closely placed objects.
- Similarity: Grouping objects that have similar characteristics.
- Continuity: Our bias towards smooth, connected figures over disjointed ones.
Perceptual Constancies
- Color Constancy: Seeing an object as having the same colors despite changes in lighting.
- Shape Constancy: Perceiving an object as having the same shape regardless of its rotation.
Depth Perception
- Monocular Cues: Depth cues that can be perceived using one eye; like texture gradient, relative size, and motion parallax.
- Texture Gradient: Gradual reduction in detail of a surface receding into the distance.
Perception of Motion
- Involves inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene, using visual, vestibular (balance), and proprioceptive information.
Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
- ESP is the ability to receive information that cannot be received through normal sensory means.
- Includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the concepts of sensation and perception, including the roles of sensory receptors and the theory of signal detection. This quiz covers key terms such as absolute threshold, difference threshold, and sensory adaptations. Perfect for students studying psychology!
