Seminar on Influenza by Uyeki et al.

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What is the primary method of prevention discussed in the seminar for seasonal influenza?

Annual influenza vaccination (correct)
Wearing masks at all times
Regular handwashing
Avoiding public places during flu season

Which of the following symptoms is typically associated with most people who have influenza?

Joint pain
Respiratory symptoms and myalgia (correct)
Nausea and vomiting
Sore throat only

What do sporadic zoonotic infections with novel influenza A viruses of avian or swine origin pose?

No threat
Pandemic threats (correct)
Seasonal outbreaks
Only mild infections

Apart from influenza viruses, what other virus is commonly mentioned in the seminar?

SARS-CoV-2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is highlighted as a key area of discussion in the seminar?

Epidemiology of Influenza (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the current trend mentioned regarding seasonal influenza circulation in 2021–22?

Marked increase (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about seasonal influenza is correct?

It is caused by infection with influenza A or B viruses. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many types of influenza viruses are there within the Orthomyxoviridae family?

4 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the influenza virus genome is correct?

It is encoded by a segmented negative-sense RNA genome. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many proteins are translated from the eight viral RNA segments of influenza A and B viruses?

12 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about influenza activity in tropical and subtropical areas is correct?

Influenza activity is observed year-round, peaking at different times. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups are mentioned as being at higher risk for complications from influenza?

Young children, older adults, and people with underlying conditions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended use of serology in diagnosing influenza?

For vaccine studies and epidemiological investigations (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is tissue-cell viral culture not suitable for clinical decision making?

It does not yield timely results (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of PoC influenza tests used outside of health-care facilities?

For rapid initiation of antiviral treatment (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does home self-collection of nasal swabs compare to swab collection by trained research staff?

Both methods have similar testing outcomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential advantage of using molecular assays with smartphone technology for influenza testing at home?

Results are transmitted in real time to a physician (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is a negative result from RT-PCR for influenza not definitive?

The test may produce false negatives depending on various factors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a crucial determinant for the pandemic potential of influenza A viruses circulating among animals?

The ability for the viral hemagglutinin to bind α2,6-linked sialic acids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated basic reproduction number for seasonal influenza, according to the text?

1.3 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the incubation period for influenza is true, based on the information in the text?

The median incubation period is 1.4 days for influenza A and 0.6 days for influenza B. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the transmission of seasonal influenza A and B viruses is correct?

They are transmitted at a short range (1-2 meters) through small-particle aerosols. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic tests for influenza A and B viruses has the highest sensitivity and specificity, according to the information provided?

Molecular assay (C) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information in the text, which of the following statements about virus culture for influenza diagnosis is true?

It requires qualified personnel and is usually done at public health laboratories. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is original antigenic sin important in influenza virus infection?

It generates immunological memory to many viral epitopes, protecting against similar strains (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which chronic condition(s) can impair T-cell responses and induce chronic inflammation?

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about oseltamivir is correct?

It can be given for prophylaxis after exposure once per day for 7 days (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of zanamivir?

It inhibits influenza viral neuraminidase, blocking the release of progeny virions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about peramivir is true?

There is insufficient data for patients who are hospitalized (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of treatment for baloxavir?

Single dose (C) Signup and view all the answers