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Questions and Answers
What component is primarily used to limit excessive currents and voltages in active devices?
What component is primarily used to limit excessive currents and voltages in active devices?
In a control system, which network is primarily responsible for setting time constants and necessary adjustments?
In a control system, which network is primarily responsible for setting time constants and necessary adjustments?
What is the primary function of a T flip-flop?
What is the primary function of a T flip-flop?
What determines line regulation in a voltage regulator?
What determines line regulation in a voltage regulator?
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How is the capacitance between transformer windings reduced?
How is the capacitance between transformer windings reduced?
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What type of crystal lattice structure is characteristic of silicon and germanium?
What type of crystal lattice structure is characteristic of silicon and germanium?
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What is the typical order of magnitude for the energy gap between the valence and conduction bands in a semiconductor?
What is the typical order of magnitude for the energy gap between the valence and conduction bands in a semiconductor?
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What process is used to protect exposed junctions in planar semiconductor devices from contamination and shorts by growing a thin oxide layer?
What process is used to protect exposed junctions in planar semiconductor devices from contamination and shorts by growing a thin oxide layer?
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In a JFET, according to Shockley's equation, what is the drain current when the gate-source voltage (VGS) equals the pinch-off voltage (VP)?
In a JFET, according to Shockley's equation, what is the drain current when the gate-source voltage (VGS) equals the pinch-off voltage (VP)?
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What type of semiconductor is formed by adding donor impurities?
What type of semiconductor is formed by adding donor impurities?
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Why do holes appear to flow in the opposite direction of electrons in a semiconductor?
Why do holes appear to flow in the opposite direction of electrons in a semiconductor?
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What is the term for a three-terminal IC voltage regulator that supplies a variable negative voltage output?
What is the term for a three-terminal IC voltage regulator that supplies a variable negative voltage output?
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What is the term for a semiconductor that has been doped with both donor and acceptor impurities?
What is the term for a semiconductor that has been doped with both donor and acceptor impurities?
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Study Notes
Semiconductor Materials and Devices
- Crystalline Structure: Silicon and germanium have a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal lattice.
- Energy Gap: The energy gap between valence and conduction bands in semiconductors is approximately 1 electron volt (eV).
- Resistivity: Typical resistivity of semiconductors ranges from 10−4 to 1010 Ω-cm.
- Metallic Bonding: Metallic bonding is significant in metals.
- Compensated Semiconductor: A semiconductor doped with both donor and acceptor impurities is called a compensated semiconductor.
- Drift Current: Current flow in a semiconductor due to an applied electric field is called drift current.
- Diffusion Current: Movement of charge carriers without an applied electric field is diffusion current.
- High-Speed Integrated Circuits: Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a suitable semiconductor material for high-speed integrated circuits.
- Impurity Concentration: One part per million (ppm) impurity concentration is needed in silicon to significantly change its electrical properties from a poor to a good conductor.
- High Heat Conductivity: Diamond has the highest heat conductivity and is used as a heat sink in semiconductors.
- Pinch-Off Voltage (FET): The gate-source voltage that causes the drain current (ID) to zero in a field-effect transistor (FET) is the pinch-off voltage.
- MOSFET Insulator: Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is the common insulator used in most metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).
- Drain Current (JFET): The drain current in a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) is zero when the gate-source voltage (VGS) equals the pinch-off voltage (VP).
- Threshold Voltage (MOSFET): The gate-source voltage needed to form a channel for current flow in an enhancement-type MOSFET is the threshold voltage.
- Passivation: A thin oxide film is grown on the surface of a semiconductor device to protect it from contamination; this is passivation.
- Transistor Region: A transistor is in the cutoff region when the base-emitter junction is reverse-biased and the base-collector junction is forward-biased.
- Hybrid Parameters: The hybrid parameters 'hr' and 'ho' are often neglected in circuit analysis
- GaAs Type: Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a compound semiconductor material.
- CMOS Susceptibility: CMOS integrated circuits are susceptible to damage from static electricity.
- N-type Semiconductor: Adding a donor impurity to a semiconductor material makes it N-type.
- Hole Flow: Holes flow in the opposite direction to electrons because charge carriers are passed from atom to atom.
- IC Regulator: The 337 is a three-terminal integrated circuit voltage regulator with a variable negative output voltage.
- Switching Regulator Protection: Snubber circuits protect active devices in switching regulators from large overcurrents and overvoltages.
- Control System Compensation: Compensating and cross-coupling networks are designed and their time constants adjusted for complex control systems.
- Motor Phase Control: The half-wave converter is the simplest converter in motor phase control
- Common-Collector Current Gain: Gamma represents current gain in a common-collector configuration.
- T-Flip-Flop Function: A T flip-flop divides the input frequency by two.
- Line Regulation: Line regulation is affected by changes in output and input voltages.
- Load Regulation: Load regulation is impacted by changes in load current and output voltage.
- Differentiator Feedback: In a differentiator, the feedback element is a resistor.
- Wien-Bridge Oscillator Type: Wien-bridge oscillators use positive feedback.
- Memory Equivalent: Memory is also known as primary storage.
- Output Devices: Common output units include printers and screens.
- AC Wave Period: The period of an AC wave is the reciprocal of its frequency.
- Magnetic Flux Source: Magnetic flux originates from the motion of charged particles.
- Solar Panel Current: Connecting multiple solar cell groups in parallel increases the useful current from a solar panel.
- Rheostat Advantage: Rheostats can handle more current than potentiometers.
- Electrostatic Force: The force between electrically charged objects is electrostatic force.
- Transformer Capacitance Minimization: Placing windings on opposite sides of a toroidal core minimizes capacitance between transformer windings.
- Battery Inventor: Alessandro Volta invented the battery.
- Charles Babbage's Contribution: Charles Babbage is famous for his contributions to computers.
- Electric Generator Inventor: Michael Faraday invented the electric generator.
- Transistor Invention Decade: The transistor was invented in the 1940s.
- Bakelite Inventor: Leo Hendrik Baekeland invented Bakelite.
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Description
Test your knowledge on semiconductor materials and devices with this quiz. Learn about crystalline structures, energy gaps, resistivity, and current types in semiconductors. Perfect for students studying electronics or materials science.
