Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are gels primarily used for?
What are gels primarily used for?
Which method is used for incorporating insoluble solids into ointment bases?
Which method is used for incorporating insoluble solids into ointment bases?
What is the primary characteristic of a water-soluble base?
What is the primary characteristic of a water-soluble base?
What is one method used to prepare ointments in large quantities?
What is one method used to prepare ointments in large quantities?
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What is the typical feature of gels that contributes to their application?
What is the typical feature of gels that contributes to their application?
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What process is used to reduce powders to a fine state before mixing?
What process is used to reduce powders to a fine state before mixing?
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What ensures that powders do not cause grittiness in ointments?
What ensures that powders do not cause grittiness in ointments?
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What is the purpose of using the doubling-up method during ointment preparation?
What is the purpose of using the doubling-up method during ointment preparation?
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What is the primary purpose of the fusion method?
What is the primary purpose of the fusion method?
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Which ingredient must be added to the melted base before it congeals when using the fusion method?
Which ingredient must be added to the melted base before it congeals when using the fusion method?
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What is the purpose of levigating insoluble medicaments with melted base?
What is the purpose of levigating insoluble medicaments with melted base?
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During the preparation of creams, what temperature must the oil and aqueous phases be heated to?
During the preparation of creams, what temperature must the oil and aqueous phases be heated to?
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What is a required step when preparing sulphur ointment with glycerin?
What is a required step when preparing sulphur ointment with glycerin?
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What is indicative of a vanishing cream in terms of emulsion type?
What is indicative of a vanishing cream in terms of emulsion type?
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At what temperature is stearic acid melted when making vanishing cream?
At what temperature is stearic acid melted when making vanishing cream?
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What is the primary action during the cooling process of both ointment and cream preparation?
What is the primary action during the cooling process of both ointment and cream preparation?
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What characteristic property do semisolid dosage forms possess?
What characteristic property do semisolid dosage forms possess?
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Which of the following is a type of semisolid dosage form?
Which of the following is a type of semisolid dosage form?
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What is the main advantage of using semisolid dosage forms topically?
What is the main advantage of using semisolid dosage forms topically?
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What is the composition of ointments?
What is the composition of ointments?
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What type of emulsion are creams classified as?
What type of emulsion are creams classified as?
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What are pastes known for in the composition?
What are pastes known for in the composition?
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What is a primary purpose of non-medicated ointments?
What is a primary purpose of non-medicated ointments?
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Which statement about semisolid dosage forms is true?
Which statement about semisolid dosage forms is true?
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Study Notes
Semisolid Dosage Forms Overview
- Semisolid preparations bridge the characteristics of solid and liquid dosage forms.
- Unique rheological properties allow easy application on biological membranes and prolonged retention.
- Applicable for local and systemic effects via skin, eye, nasal, vaginal, or rectal routes.
- Therapeutic agents target dermal disorders when applied topically.
- Unmedicated forms provide physical benefits as protectants or lubricants.
Advantages of Semisolid Dosage Forms
- External use reduces side effects and minimizes first-pass metabolism.
- Localized and site-specific action enhances therapeutic efficacy.
- Increased patient compliance due to ease of application.
Types of Semisolid Dosage Forms
- Ointments: Greasy preparations (80% oil, 20% water). Can be medicated or non-medicated (bases used for emollient or protective effects).
- Creams: Semisolid emulsions, either oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O). Easier to apply and less greasy than ointments.
- Pastes: High powder content (20-50%) dispersed in a vehicle, stiffer, harder to apply, and more difficult to remove than ointments.
- Gels: Non-greasy, jelly-like preparations that provide lubrication or medication. They create a cooling effect upon water evaporation.
Ointment Base Classifications
- Oleaginous base (hydrophobic/hydrocarbon base)
- Absorption base (W/O emulsion)
- Water-removable base (O/W emulsion)
- Water-soluble base
Ointment Preparation Methods
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Incorporation Method (Trituration)
- Fine powders mixed into the base via spatula or mortar.
- Techniques include using an ointment slab, mortar and pestle, or ointment mill for larger quantities.
- Powders must be finely ground to avoid grittiness; concentrated ointment formation followed by careful incorporation.
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Fusion Method (Melting)
- Involves melting base components and medicaments together.
- Ingredients are combined by melting in a water bath and stirring until congealed.
- Soluble medicaments integrated into the melted base before it solidifies.
Cream Preparation
- Components divided into oil and aqueous portions, both heated above the melting point of the highest melting ingredient.
- Phases mixed and stirred during cooling for uniformity.
Example Formulations
- Sulphur Ointment: Contains precipitated sulphur, glycerin, and white ointment, mixed to a smooth paste.
- Vanishing Cream: Includes stearic acid, potassium hydroxide, glycerin, and purified water, representing an O/W emulsion.
Miscellaneous
- Gels provide a pleasant cooling effect and leave a protective film that can be removed with water.
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Description
This quiz explores the characteristics and advantages of semisolid dosage forms in pharmacology. It covers types such as ointments and creams, their applications, and the benefits they offer for local treatment. Test your knowledge on how these forms enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.
