Semen Analysis: Male Fertility and Reproductive Problems

Semen Analysis

Overview

• Also known as seminal fluid analysis or sperm test
• Examination of semen to evaluate male fertility and detect potential reproductive problems
• Typically performed in cases of infertility, low sperm count, or abnormal sperm shape/movement

Parameters Evaluated

• Sperm Count (Concentration)
  • Normal range: 15-200 million sperm/mL
  • Oligospermia: <15 million sperm/mL
  • Azoospermia: 0 sperm/mL
• Sperm Motility
  • Normal range: >40% motile sperm
  • Asthenospermia: <40% motile sperm
• Sperm Morphology
  • Normal range: >4% normal-shaped sperm
  • Teratospermia: <4% normal-shaped sperm
• Semen Volume
  • Normal range: 1.5-5.5 mL
  • Hyperspermia: >5.5 mL
  • Hypospermia: <1.5 mL
• pH Level
  • Normal range: 7.2-7.8
• Agglutination
  • Presence of antibodies against sperm
• Fructose Level
  • Normal range: 1.5-5.5 mmol
  • Low levels may indicate blockage or absence of seminal vesicles

Abnormal Results

• Oligozoospermia: low sperm count
• Azoospermia: no sperm in semen
• Asthenozoospermia: low sperm motility
• Teratozoospermia: high percentage of abnormally shaped sperm
• Necrozoospermia: high percentage of dead sperm

Clinical Significance

• Helps diagnose male infertility and guide treatment options
• Used to monitor fertility treatment effectiveness
• Can detect underlying medical conditions, such as infections or hormonal imbalances

Semen Analysis

• Known as seminal fluid analysis or sperm test
• Examines semen to assess male fertility and identify reproductive problems

Parameters Evaluated

• Sperm Count (Concentration)
  • Normal range: 15-200 million sperm/mL
• Oligospermia
  • Characterized by low sperm count
  • 40% motile sperm
• Asthenospermia
  • Characterized by abnormal sperm motility
  • 4% normal-shaped sperm
• Teratospermia
  • Characterized by abnormal sperm morphology
  • 5.5 mL
• Hypospermia
  • Characterized by low semen volume