Self-Transcendence and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

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What is self-transcendence?

It is the concept of personal progress in spiritual/mental fields, involving crossing personal boundaries and experiencing spiritual ideas.

How is self-transcendence integrated into Maslow's model?

Self-transcendence is added to the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, with the original needs hierarchy below it.

What are the criticisms of Maslow's theory?

Cultural differences and lack of scientific explanation.

Where is the Medulla located in the brain?

Base of the brainstem. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Hypothalamus?

Regulates body temperature and hunger, fatigue. It controls the hormone system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of the Amygdala?

Processing of emotions and memories associated with fear. Signup and view all the answers

What is the central pacemaker of the circadian timing system?

The brain Signup and view all the answers

What hormone does the brain control related to sleep?

Melatonin Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the first stage of sleep, NREM1?

Irregular brain waves and possible hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the third stage of sleep, NREM3?

Delta waves (delta sleep) Signup and view all the answers

When does the final stage of sleep, REM, typically occur?

At least one hour after falling asleep Signup and view all the answers

Why do people require adequate sleep?

To improve athletic performance, support growth, consolidate memories, and repair brain tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendrites in a neuron's structure?

Send electric signals from the neurons to the cell body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of axon in a neuron's structure?

Transmits electrical and chemical signal from the cell body to other neurons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of myelin in a neuron's structure?

Allow the impulses to transmit quickly along the neurons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of synapse in a neuron's structure?

The site of transmission of signals between two neurons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of neuropeptide?

Small chemical substances produced and released by neurons through regulated routes. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a neuropeptide and its function.

Insulin - regulates blood sugar levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is contemporary psychology's major focus on?

The mind Signup and view all the answers

According to most people today, what creates the mind?

The brain Signup and view all the answers

What are two criticisms of Sigmund Freud where 'the mind' may not be playing the role he initially envisioned?

<ol> <li>Unconscious actions such as sensations, memories, traumatic experiences, feelings, and awareness might limit the role of the mind as initially imagined. 2. Freud believed an individual's role in the mind could be influenced by interaction with unconscious psychological forces.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main weakness of the Psychodynamic perspective in explaining human behavior?

Data not scientifically proven Signup and view all the answers

In the Behavioralist perspective, what does it fail to explain?

How behavior is isolated from other cognitive factors Signup and view all the answers

According to the theory of human motivation, what are the three fundamental motivators that drive a person?

The desire for power, success, and affiliation Signup and view all the answers

What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential trigger for some cases of ASD according to the text?

Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP). Signup and view all the answers

What are the two key stages in Piaget's model that might be missed?

Schemas and Accommodation. Signup and view all the answers

What are some weaknesses of Piaget's theory?

Case studies on limited children, not studying cultural settings and social interactions, interviews not true to life. Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, how does cognitive development depend on children's interactions?

Cognitive development depends on children's interactions, and the cognitive development of all children is assumed to be the same. Signup and view all the answers

How does Vygotsky differ from Piaget in terms of cognitive development?

Vygotsky believed cognitive development depends on the culture of the children's society, and that the cognitive development of children varies according to culture. Signup and view all the answers