Self-Schemas Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a self schema?

An integrated set of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about one's behavior in a given domain.

What do self schemas include?

Memories of specific events, general beliefs of one's typical reactions, and broad categorization.

How do self schemas influence the processing of information about the self and others?

They direct attention to information consistent with self schemas, facilitate processing of info regarding self schemas, and enable greater recall for schema-consistent info.

How can self schemas be developed about any aspect of a person?

Through physical characteristics, social roles, personality traits, and areas of particular interest and skill. Signup and view all the answers

How do we process information about our own 'independence'?

We do this differently from others and more efficiently. Signup and view all the answers

How do we process information about others?

As experts on masculinity, our knowledge influences the way we process information about them. Signup and view all the answers

What are possible selves?

Future-oriented expectations that include what one expects, fears, wishes, and ought to be, playing a role in motivating and regulating goal-directed behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does the schema model acknowledge?

It acknowledges the temporal nature of information about the self. Signup and view all the answers

What is the working self concept?

It refers to the notion of self-schema that implies a stable, unchanging self at any given moment. Signup and view all the answers

What does the self include?

Often conflicting memories and beliefs about one's behavior and attributes. Signup and view all the answers

What does stability of the self reflect?

It reflects one's enduring self-knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What does malleability of the self mean?

Different elements of self-knowledge are activated on different occasions. Signup and view all the answers

What is self esteem?

Evaluations we make of ourselves. Signup and view all the answers

What does the social cognitive perspective state about self esteem?

It has broad implications for the representation of self-knowledge, cognitive strategies used when processing self-relevant information, and reactions to self-relevant information. Signup and view all the answers

How are low self-esteem people viewed?

Relatively aschematic in their self-knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What are highly complex self representations?

Self concepts that include many aspects with less complex self-representations. Signup and view all the answers

What are less complex self representations?

Self concepts that include a small number of highly interrelated aspects. Signup and view all the answers

What is self complexity?

Negative thoughts and feelings provoked by a negative event remain confined to that restricted area. Signup and view all the answers

What is low self complexity?

Stronger positive reactions when experiencing positive events. Signup and view all the answers

What is an integrated self?

Each aspect contains positive and negative components. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a highly compartmentalized self?

It may allow us to feel good about successes and be vulnerable to failures. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two self guides?

Ought self and ideal self. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories of self discrepancies and emotional vulnerability?

Promotion and prevention goals. Signup and view all the answers

What is a promotion goal?

Driven to promote personal well-being; focus on ideal self. Signup and view all the answers

What is a prevention goal?

Driven to avoid negative states; focus on ought self. Signup and view all the answers

What emotions are related to salient discrepancies between actual and ideal self?

Dejection related emotions. Signup and view all the answers

What emotions are related to salient discrepancies between actual and ought self?

Anxiety related emotions. Signup and view all the answers

What is self verification theory?

It involves verifying self conceptions and behaving in ways so others see them as they see themselves. Signup and view all the answers

What does the self evaluation maintenance model state?

To have any impact on the self, a superior must be seen psychologically close. Signup and view all the answers

What is the domain of performance?

Self relevance. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Self-Schema and Its Components

Self-schema consists of integrated memories, beliefs, and generalizations regarding one's behavior in specific domains.
Includes specific memories, general beliefs about typical reactions, and broad categorizations.

Influence of Self-Schemas

Directs attention to information consistent with existing self-schemas.
Enhances processing and recall of schema-consistent information.

Development of Self-Schemas

Can be developed through awareness of physical characteristics, social roles, personality traits, and particular interests or skills.

Processing Information about Self and Others

Information about personal independence is processed differently and more efficiently than information about others.
Knowledge of specific domains, like masculinity, shapes how individuals process information about others.

Possible Selves

Represents future-oriented expectations regarding what one fears, wishes, or expects to become.
Functions to motivate and regulate behavior aimed at achieving goals.

Conceptual Models of Self

Acknowledges the evolving nature of self-information through the schema model.
Working self-concept reflects a fluid representation of self at any given moment, in contrast to static self-schema ideals.

Nature of Self

Includes conflicting memories and beliefs that form an individual's behavior and attributes.
Stability in self reflects enduring self-knowledge, while malleability shows activation of different self-knowledge elements depending on the situation.

Self-Esteem and Its Implications

Self-esteem pertains to personal evaluations and has broader implications for how self-knowledge is represented and processed.
Low self-esteem individuals often have relatively aschematic self-knowledge.

Complexity of Self-Representations

Highly complex self-representations encompass multiple aspects compared to less complex ones, which are comprised of a few interrelated aspects.
Self-complexity influences emotional responses, with negative experiences confined to specific areas in complex representations.

Goals and Self-Discrepancies

Two self-guides include ought self (moral expectations) and ideal self (aspirational expectations).
Discrepancies between actual self and ideal self induce dejection-related emotions, whereas discrepancies with ought self lead to anxiety.

Self-verification theory emphasizes the desire to confirm self-conceptions through behavior.
Self-evaluation maintenance model states that for a superior individual's performance to impact the self, there must be perceived psychological closeness.

Performance Domain

Defined by self-relevance, indicating how connected a specific domain is to one’s self-concept.

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Description

Explore the concept of self-schemas with these flashcards. Learn about their definitions, components, and how they influence information processing about oneself and others. Perfect for psychology students looking to deepen their understanding of cognitive processes.