Questions and Answers
What is a self schema?
An integrated set of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about one's behavior in a given domain.
What do self schemas include?
Memories of specific events, general beliefs of one's typical reactions, and broad categorization.
How do self schemas influence the processing of information about the self and others?
They direct attention to information consistent with self schemas, facilitate processing of info regarding self schemas, and enable greater recall for schema-consistent info.
How can self schemas be developed about any aspect of a person?
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How do we process information about our own 'independence'?
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How do we process information about others?
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What are possible selves?
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What does the schema model acknowledge?
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What is the working self concept?
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What does the self include?
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What does stability of the self reflect?
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What does malleability of the self mean?
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What is self esteem?
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What does the social cognitive perspective state about self esteem?
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How are low self-esteem people viewed?
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What are highly complex self representations?
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What are less complex self representations?
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What is self complexity?
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What is low self complexity?
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What is an integrated self?
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What characterizes a highly compartmentalized self?
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What are the two self guides?
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What are the two categories of self discrepancies and emotional vulnerability?
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What is a promotion goal?
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What is a prevention goal?
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What emotions are related to salient discrepancies between actual and ideal self?
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What emotions are related to salient discrepancies between actual and ought self?
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What is self verification theory?
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What does the self evaluation maintenance model state?
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What is the domain of performance?
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Study Notes
Self-Schema and Its Components
- Self-schema consists of integrated memories, beliefs, and generalizations regarding one's behavior in specific domains.
- Includes specific memories, general beliefs about typical reactions, and broad categorizations.
Influence of Self-Schemas
- Directs attention to information consistent with existing self-schemas.
- Enhances processing and recall of schema-consistent information.
Development of Self-Schemas
- Can be developed through awareness of physical characteristics, social roles, personality traits, and particular interests or skills.
Processing Information about Self and Others
- Information about personal independence is processed differently and more efficiently than information about others.
- Knowledge of specific domains, like masculinity, shapes how individuals process information about others.
Possible Selves
- Represents future-oriented expectations regarding what one fears, wishes, or expects to become.
- Functions to motivate and regulate behavior aimed at achieving goals.
Conceptual Models of Self
- Acknowledges the evolving nature of self-information through the schema model.
- Working self-concept reflects a fluid representation of self at any given moment, in contrast to static self-schema ideals.
Nature of Self
- Includes conflicting memories and beliefs that form an individual's behavior and attributes.
- Stability in self reflects enduring self-knowledge, while malleability shows activation of different self-knowledge elements depending on the situation.
Self-Esteem and Its Implications
- Self-esteem pertains to personal evaluations and has broader implications for how self-knowledge is represented and processed.
- Low self-esteem individuals often have relatively aschematic self-knowledge.
Complexity of Self-Representations
- Highly complex self-representations encompass multiple aspects compared to less complex ones, which are comprised of a few interrelated aspects.
- Self-complexity influences emotional responses, with negative experiences confined to specific areas in complex representations.
Goals and Self-Discrepancies
- Two self-guides include ought self (moral expectations) and ideal self (aspirational expectations).
- Discrepancies between actual self and ideal self induce dejection-related emotions, whereas discrepancies with ought self lead to anxiety.
Theories Related to Self
- Self-verification theory emphasizes the desire to confirm self-conceptions through behavior.
- Self-evaluation maintenance model states that for a superior individual's performance to impact the self, there must be perceived psychological closeness.
Performance Domain
- Defined by self-relevance, indicating how connected a specific domain is to one’s self-concept.
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Description
Explore the concept of self-schemas with these flashcards. Learn about their definitions, components, and how they influence information processing about oneself and others. Perfect for psychology students looking to deepen their understanding of cognitive processes.