Self-Esteem and Personality Theories

Self-Esteem and Self-Confidence

• Self-esteem originates from the Latin word "aestimare" meaning "to appraise, value, rate, weigh, estimate."
• Self-confidence is derived from the Latin word "fidare" meaning "to trust."
• Self-confidence is about trusting in oneself.

Personal Hygiene

• Good personal hygiene involves maintaining cleanliness and a presentable appearance for the workplace.

Good Grooming

• The way you look, dress, and present yourself reflects your professional approach toward guests.

3 Theories of Personality

• Trait Theories emphasize identifying and measuring stable personality traits.
• Psychoanalytic Theories focus on the influence of unconscious processes and childhood experiences on personality development.
• Social-Cognitive Theories highlight the role of situational factors and learned behaviors in shaping personality.

Implications of Personality Theories

• Understanding personality can improve communication and collaboration in both personal and professional settings.
• Personality assessments can help individuals identify suitable career paths and academic pursuits.
• Self-awareness gained from understanding personality traits can facilitate personal growth.

Communication

• Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, or feelings between individuals or groups.
• It is essential for effective human interaction, societal functioning, organizational success, and healthy relationships.

Types of Communication

• Verbal Communication involves using spoken language.
• Non-verbal Communication involves body language, gestures, facial expressions, and tone of voice.
• Written Communication involves using written words, such as letters, emails, and reports.

Elements of the Communication Process

• Sender: The person who initiates the communication.
• Encoding: The process of converting an idea into a message.
• Message: The information being conveyed.
• Channel/Medium: The means by which the message is transmitted.
• Receiver: The person who receives and interprets the message.
• Decoding: The process of interpreting the message.
• Feedback: The receiver’s response to the message.

Communication Barriers

• Physical Barriers: Physical factors that hinder communication, such as noise or distance.
• Perceptual Barriers: Differences in perception, beliefs, and values.
• Emotional Barriers: Feelings, emotions, and attitudes that can impede communication.
• Cultural Barriers: Differences in cultural norms, values, and communication styles.
• Language Barriers: Differences in language skills and fluency.
• Gender Barriers: Gender-based differences in communication styles and expectations.

Persuasive Communication Skills

• Persuasive communication is a valuable skill that can help you influence others effectively.

How to Improve Persuasive Skills

• Cultivate relationships with those you wish to persuade.
• Practice active listening to understand their perspectives.
• Focus on non-verbal communication to convey sincerity and confidence.
• Manage your own emotions to maintain composure and professionalism.
• Ask for feedback to understand the effectiveness of your communication.

Leadership

• Leadership involves actions and behaviors that guide and direct group members to achieve a task or objective.
• It often involves developing structures and processes to ensure clarity and effectiveness.

Management

• Management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources (including employees) to achieve organizational objectives.

Roles and Responsibilities of Leaders

• Training new hires.
• Ensuring transparent communication.
• Encouraging collaboration.
• Resolving conflicts.
• Supporting employee development.
• Recognizing and acknowledging good conduct.
• Identifying and addressing ineffective techniques.
• Modifying undesirable behaviours.
• Setting clear goals.
• Leading by example.

Leadership Styles

• Authoritarian Leadership: A leader who dictates directives and expects strict obedience. (Example: Adolf Hitler)
• Paternalistic Leadership: A leader who acts as a parent figure, providing guidance and support while maintaining authority. (Example: Henry Ford)
• Democratic Leadership: A leader who encourages participation and collaboration in decision-making. (Example: Pres.Lyndon B. Johnson)

Importance of Leadership in Business

• Leaders influence employee behavior.
• Leaders maintain discipline within the workplace.
• Leaders motivate employees to perform their best.
• Leaders drive organizational success by setting direction and facilitating growth.
• Leaders contribute to creating a positive work environment.

Different Leadership Styles and Roles

• Democratic Leadership: Encourages participation and collaboration in decision-making. (Example: Pres.Lyndon B. Johnson)
• Laissez-faire Leadership: Allows employees a high degree of independence and autonomy. (Example: Queen Alexandrina Victoria)
• Transformational Leadership: Inspires and motivates employees to achieve extraordinary results. (Example: Richard Branson)
• Strategic Leadership: Focuses on long-term vision and strategic planning for the organization. (Example: Mark Zuckerberg)

Roles of Leadership in Business Strategy

• Developing a strategic vision and mission for the organization.
• Setting goals and objectives.
• Crafting a strategy to achieve those goals.
• Executing the strategy effectively.
• Evaluating performance and making adjustments as needed.

Employee Attitude and Effect

• Leaders model positive attitudes and behaviors, shaping organizational culture.
• Leaders can influence organizational behavior by setting clear expectations and providing feedback.
• Leaders contribute to a positive and supportive work environment.

Factors Affecting Employee Attitude

• Job Satisfaction: Employee satisfaction with their work, responsibilities, and work environment.
• Employee Engagement: Level of commitment and involvement employees have in their work.
• Emotional Connect: Employees’ sense of connection and belonging to the organization.
• Personal issues and problems: Personal challenges or difficulties that affect employee morale.
• Leadership and Organisational Culture: The leadership style, organizational culture, and communication practices within the company.

Improving Employee Attitude

• Stay positive and constructive in communication and interactions.
• Hold private discussions with employees to address concerns.
• Show appreciation for employee contributions.
• Focus on finding solutions to problems, rather than blaming.
• Support employees in their development and growth.
• Promote a positive and supportive workplace culture.