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Questions and Answers
According to John Locke, what defines someone's identity as a person?
According to John Locke, what defines someone's identity as a person?
- The capacity for rational thinking
- The ability to perceive external stimuli
- The physical appearance and characteristics
- The continuity of conscious memory (correct)
What is the first question that Locke addresses in relation to the sense of self?
What is the first question that Locke addresses in relation to the sense of self?
- Is the sense of self an element added to experience? (correct)
- What is the purpose of self-awareness?
- Can the sense of self be altered?
- How does self-consciousness affect memory?
What did Descartes emphasize as the core of his certainty?
What did Descartes emphasize as the core of his certainty?
- "I think, therefore I am" (correct)
- "I perceive, therefore I am"
- "I feel, therefore I exist"
- "I see, therefore I am"
According to Immanuel Kant, what accompanies all experiences?
According to Immanuel Kant, what accompanies all experiences?
What did Locke consider beyond doubt about the continuous self?
What did Locke consider beyond doubt about the continuous self?
What was Koko's unique ability among gorillas?
What was Koko's unique ability among gorillas?
According to the text, what do many species view staring at a mirror as?
According to the text, what do many species view staring at a mirror as?
Who designed the mirror test mentioned in the text?
Who designed the mirror test mentioned in the text?
What thought experiment does Derek Parfit borrow from science fiction?
What thought experiment does Derek Parfit borrow from science fiction?
What term does Parfit use to describe someone who believes in discrete yes-or-no packages of selves?
What term does Parfit use to describe someone who believes in discrete yes-or-no packages of selves?
According to Locke, what makes someone the same person numerically over time?
According to Locke, what makes someone the same person numerically over time?
What condition does the case of Reverend Ansel Bourne illustrate?
What condition does the case of Reverend Ansel Bourne illustrate?
What did Michael Gazzaniga's split-brain research initially suggest about the existence of selves?
What did Michael Gazzaniga's split-brain research initially suggest about the existence of selves?
Which sense of self does Damasio refer to as transient and recreated for each interaction?
Which sense of self does Damasio refer to as transient and recreated for each interaction?
What is indicated by animals passing the mirror test?
What is indicated by animals passing the mirror test?
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Study Notes
- William James and Antonio Damasio both discuss the existence of a sense of self within consciousness
- Personal identity refers to what makes someone the same person over time
- Locke argues that continuity of memory is what makes us the same person numerically, not identity of bodies
- Case of Reverend Ansel Bourne is an example of dissociative fugue, a condition of reversible amnesia for memory, personality, and personal identity
- Split-brain research by Michael Gazzaniga initially suggested the existence of multiple selves but later changed his mind due to the role of the interpreter
- James and Damasio discuss different senses of self: "me" and "I" for James, core self and autobiographical self for Damasio
- Core self is the self we feel as the focus of experience, transient and recreated for each interaction
- Autobiographical self includes lasting characteristics and has the properties of long-term memory
- Animals, such as chimpanzees, orangutans, and bonobos, pass the mirror test, indicating they have a sense of self.
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