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Selective Toxicity of Antimicrobial Drugs

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Selective Toxicity of Antimicrobial Drugs

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as influencing drug choice when susceptibility data is absent?

Patient's diet (correct)

Previous infections

Immune status

Recent antimicrobial therapy

What is the most likely causative organism for gram-positive cocci in the spinal fluid of a newborn infant?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Enterococcus faecalis

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus agalactiae (correct)

What is the key difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs as described in the text?

Bacteriostatic drugs stop the growth of bacteria, while bactericidal drugs kill bacteria. (correct)

Bacteriostatic drugs require a weaker dose compared to bactericidal drugs.

Bacteriostatic drugs are more effective against gram-positive bacteria, while bactericidal drugs are more effective against gram-negative bacteria.

Bacteriostatic drugs are only effective against certain strains of bacteria, while bactericidal drugs are effective against a wider range of bacteria.

What is the key difference between minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) as described in the text?

MIC is the lowest concentration that prevents visible growth, while MBC is the lowest concentration that results in a 99.9% decline in colony count. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about gram-positive cocci in the spinal fluid of a 40-year-old patient is correct?

They are most likely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is frequently resistant to penicillin G. Signup and view all the answers

Why are bactericidal drugs often the drugs of choice in seriously ill and immunocompromised patients according to the text?

Bactericidal drugs have a more aggressive antimicrobial action, which is beneficial for seriously ill and immunocompromised patients. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason antimicrobial drugs are effective in treating infections?

Their selective toxicity, which allows them to target the microorganism while being tolerated by the host Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor considered when selecting an appropriate antimicrobial agent?

The color of the patient's skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of empiric therapy in the treatment of infections?

To provide immediate treatment before the infecting organism is identified Signup and view all the answers

Which techniques are commonly used to identify the infecting organism?

Direct microscopic visualization and cultivation/identification Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of identifying the infecting organism before initiating antimicrobial therapy?

It allows for the selection of the most effective antimicrobial agent Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concept of selective toxicity in antimicrobial drugs?

The drug is more toxic to the microorganism than to the host, within a certain concentration range Signup and view all the answers