12 Questions
What is the term used to describe the ability of a drug to selectively target and destroy pathogens without harming the host?
Selective toxicity
What is the name of the mold that was identified as the source of penicillin?
Penicillium notatum
What is the term used to describe a substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits the growth of other microorganisms?
Antibiotic
What is the primary difference between antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs?
Antibiotics are produced by microorganisms, while antimicrobial drugs are synthetic.
What is the term used to describe the use of chemicals to treat a disease?
Chemotherapy
In what year did the first clinical trials of penicillin take place?
1940
What is the primary mode of action of bacteriostatic antibiotics?
They inhibit bacterial growth
Which type of antibiotics is effective against a broad range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillin antibiotics?
They interfere with cell wall synthesis
What is the primary difference between natural penicillins and semisynthetic penicillins?
The former are susceptible to penicillinases, while the latter are resistant
What is the purpose of adding β-lactamase inhibitors to penicillin antibiotics?
To overcome resistance to penicillinases
What is the term for the overgrowth of normal microbiota that is resistant to antibiotics?
Superinfection
Test your knowledge on the history of chemotherapy, selective toxicity, and important discoveries like Alexander Fleming's observation of the antibiotic properties of Penicillium notatum. This quiz covers key concepts in antimicrobial drugs from Chapter 14.
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