Selective COX-2 Inhibitors Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a potential consequence of chronic analgesic abuse on renal function?

Decreased renal blood flow (correct)

Increased production of renal PGE2

Enhanced uric acid excretion

Increased synthesis of renal PGI2

How does aspirin in low doses affect uric acid levels?

Decreases uric acid excretion (correct)

Has no effect on uric acid levels

Only affects uric acid in high doses

Increases uric acid excretion

What metabolic effects are associated with high doses of aspirin?

No significant metabolic changes observed

Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation causing bradycardia

Enhanced oxidative phosphorylation leading to hyperpyrexia (correct)

Decreased heart rate and normal body temperature

What are the effects of aspirin on diuretics and β-blockers?

Antagonizes the diuretic effect and reduces β-blocker efficacy Signup and view all the answers

What recommendation is made regarding the use of NSAIDs after 20 weeks of pregnancy?

Use of NSAIDs is strongly discouraged Signup and view all the answers

What effect does aspirin have on plasma urate levels?

Aspirin increases plasma urate levels significantly Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of prolonged aspirin use related to uterine contractions during labor?

Prolongation of pregnancy and delay of labor Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aldosterone concerning renal effects due to analgesics?

Increases sodium and water retention Signup and view all the answers

What primary risk is associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors as opposed to non-selective COX inhibitors?

Increased risk of cardiovascular accidents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect of non-selective COX inhibitors?

Frequent hypersensitivity reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which non-selective COX inhibitors exert their effects?

They inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Selective COX-2 inhibitors are characterized by which of the following pharmacological effects compared to non-selective COX inhibitors?

Higher risk of thrombotic complications Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the risk profile of COX-2 inhibitors?

They are associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of the excessive aggregation of platelets when using selective COX-2 inhibitors?

Increased risk of stroke Signup and view all the answers

Why were Rofecoxib (Vioxx®) and Valdecoxib withdrawn from the market?

Potential for serious cardiovascular events Signup and view all the answers

In comparing selective and non-selective COX inhibitors, which side effect is more pronounced in non-selective COX inhibitors?

Frequent gastric side effects Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable side effect of ketorolac when used as an analgesic?

Severe gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following NSAIDs is considered a good alternative to aspirin in treating flu fevers in children?

Ibuprofen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding sulindac?

It is a prodrug with a long half-life. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of selective COX-2 inhibitors compared to traditional NSAIDs?

They target the COX-2 enzyme responsible for inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Which NSAID is known to potentially induce nephrotoxic syndrome?

Fenoprofen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary clinical use of indomethacin?

To aid in the closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants Signup and view all the answers

How does meloxicam compare to other NSAIDs in terms of COX enzyme selectivity?

It is slightly selective for COX-2. Signup and view all the answers

What risk is associated with long-term use of ibuprofen in women?

Higher incidence of hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of salicylates related to the gastrointestinal tract?

Nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with administering aspirin to children?

Reye’s syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT a contraindication for the use of aspirin?

Pediatric asthma Signup and view all the answers

What effect do salicylates have in relation to blood coagulation?

Increased bleeding tendency Signup and view all the answers

How does diclofenac differ from other NSAIDs in terms of gastrointestinal effects?

It is less gastric irritant Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of aspirin use in patients with hyperuricemic conditions?

Inhibition of uric acid excretion Signup and view all the answers

When should aspirin be stopped prior to surgery to minimize risks?

7 days before Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for salicylic acid in the treatment of warts?

Keratolytic action Signup and view all the answers

Selectivity for COX-2 increases the risk of peptic ulceration and renal failure.

False Signup and view all the answers

Selective COX-2 inhibitors decrease the risk of thrombotic complications.

False Signup and view all the answers

Rofecoxib and valdecoxib were removed from the market due to their analgesic effectiveness.

False Signup and view all the answers

Both selective and non-selective COX inhibitors have equal analgesic effects.

True Signup and view all the answers

TXA2 is formed by COX-2 while PGI2 is formed by COX-1.

False Signup and view all the answers

Selective COX-2 inhibitors are linked to fewer hypersensitivity reactions compared to non-selective COX inhibitors.

True Signup and view all the answers

Non-selective COX inhibitors frequently cause renal side effects.

True Signup and view all the answers

Selective COX-2 inhibitors increase the risk of cardiovascular accidents.

True Signup and view all the answers

Chronic abuse of analgesics can lead to renal failure due to ischemia from decreased renal PGE2 synthesis.

True Signup and view all the answers

High doses of aspirin are known to improve oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in the body.

False Signup and view all the answers

Aspirin administration in small doses increases uric acid excretion, making it safe for patients with gout.

False Signup and view all the answers

The use of NSAIDs is discouraged after 20 weeks of pregnancy due to their effects on uterine contractions.

True Signup and view all the answers

Aspirin at low doses has a significant effect on plasma urate levels, reducing the risk of hyperuricemia.

False Signup and view all the answers

Salt and water retention due to decreased renal blood flow can antagonize the effects of diuretics.

True Signup and view all the answers

Aspirin and other analgesics can enhance the antihypertensive effects of beta-blockers.

False Signup and view all the answers

Chronic analgesic nephropathy is a recognized condition resulting from prolonged use of analgesics.

True Signup and view all the answers

Salicylic acid is an effective keratolytic agent used primarily for the treatment of warts.

True Signup and view all the answers

Methylsalicylic acid is known primarily for its antithrombotic properties.

False Signup and view all the answers

Adults may experience severe hepatic injury from salicylate use, but it is more common in children due to Reye's syndrome.

False Signup and view all the answers

Chronic renal diseases are not adversely affected by the use of aspirin.

False Signup and view all the answers

Aspirin should be discontinued at least 7 days before surgery to reduce the risk of bleeding.

True Signup and view all the answers

Diclofenac is less nephrotoxic than other NSAIDs but is more gastric irritant.

False Signup and view all the answers

Salicylates can increase the tendency to bleed due to displacement of other drugs from plasma proteins.

True Signup and view all the answers

Using small-to-moderate doses of aspirin can enhance uric acid excretion in patients with gout.

False Signup and view all the answers

Sulindac is a potent analgesic with minimal effect on platelet aggregation.

False Signup and view all the answers

Ibuprofen has been shown to have a higher incidence of nephrotoxic syndrome compared to fenoprofen.

False Signup and view all the answers

Indomethacin is considered less toxic compared to other NSAIDs and is often approved for use in children.

False Signup and view all the answers

Celecoxib selectively inhibits COX-1 enzyme more effectively than COX-2 enzyme.

False Signup and view all the answers

Ketorolac has no reported interactions with oral anticoagulants.

True Signup and view all the answers

Long-term use of piroxicam is associated with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal bleeding compared to other NSAIDs.

False Signup and view all the answers

Long-term use of ibuprofen is linked to an increased incidence of hypertension in men.

False Signup and view all the answers

Meloxicam is considered non-selective when it comes to COX enzyme inhibition.

False Signup and view all the answers

What renal condition can result from chronic analgesic abuse?

Chronic analgesic nephropathy. Signup and view all the answers

How does aspirin use affect plasma levels of uric acid?

Aspirin can decrease uric acid excretion. Signup and view all the answers

What cardiovascular effects can high doses of aspirin induce?

High doses can cause tachycardia and hyperpyrexia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of using NSAIDs after 20 weeks of pregnancy?

It may prolong pregnancy and delay labor. Signup and view all the answers

What role does aldosterone play in renal effects due to analgesic use?

Aldosterone increases sodium and water retention. Signup and view all the answers

What recommendation is made regarding the use of aspirin in gout patients?

Aspirin should be avoided in patients with gout. Signup and view all the answers

Why is chronic renal ischemia a concern for patients abusing analgesics?

It results from decreased synthesis of renal prostaglandins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk of using selective COX-2 inhibitors?

Increased risk of cardiovascular events. Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with long-term use of salicylates in the gastrointestinal tract?

Epigastric pain and gastric ulcers. Signup and view all the answers

What major risk is associated with the use of aspirin in children?

Reye's syndrome. Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is specifically increased by selective COX-2 inhibitors compared to non-selective COX inhibitors?

The risk of cardiovascular accidents is increased by selective COX-2 inhibitors. Signup and view all the answers

In what way can aspirin potentially impact renal function?

It can cause analgesic nephropathy and reduce renal blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

What condition could be exacerbated by the use of small-to-moderate doses of aspirin?

Gout. Signup and view all the answers

Why do selective COX-2 inhibitors lead to increased platelet aggregation?

Selective COX-2 inhibitors reduce the production of PGI2 while allowing TXA2 formation, leading to increased platelet aggregation. Signup and view all the answers

Which COX enzymes are inhibited by non-selective COX inhibitors?

Non-selective COX inhibitors inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2. Signup and view all the answers

How does the use of aspirin affect the bleeding tendency?

It increases the bleeding tendency by inhibiting platelet aggregation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of methylsalicylic acid in a clinical context?

As a counter-irritant for local rheumatic pain. Signup and view all the answers

How frequently do selective COX-2 inhibitors cause hypersensitivity reactions compared to non-selective inhibitors?

Hypersensitivity reactions are less frequent with selective COX-2 inhibitors compared to non-selective COX inhibitors. Signup and view all the answers

What important precaution should be taken when administering aspirin before surgery?

Aspirin must be stopped at least 7 days prior to surgery. Signup and view all the answers

What was one reason for the withdrawal of Rofecoxib and Valdecoxib from the market?

They were withdrawn due to potential adverse cardiovascular effects. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the impact of selective COX-2 inhibitors on renal side effects.

Selective COX-2 inhibitors still have a frequent risk of renal side effects, similar to non-selective ones. Signup and view all the answers

Why should diclofenac be used cautiously in patients with renal issues?

It can impair renal blood flow and decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Signup and view all the answers

What is the major pharmacological distinction between the analgesic effects of selective and non-selective COX inhibitors?

Both have equal analgesic and antipyretic effects. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of gastric side effects, how do selective COX-2 inhibitors compare to non-selective inhibitors?

Selective COX-2 inhibitors have less frequent gastric side effects compared to non-selective inhibitors. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes sulindac as a prodrug in its pharmacological profile?

Sulindac is converted in the body to its active form, providing a long half-life and effective anti-inflammatory properties. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main risks associated with the use of ketorolac as an analgesic?

Ketorolac is a potent analgesic but has a significant risk of causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Signup and view all the answers

How does ibuprofen serve as an alternative treatment for children with flu fevers?

Ibuprofen effectively reduces fever and is generally well-tolerated, making it a safer option compared to aspirin in children. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the mechanism by which indomethacin facilitates the closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants.

Indomethacin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, which prevents the maintenance of the patent ductus arteriosus, promoting its closure. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does piroxicam's pharmacokinetic profile differ from other NSAIDs?

Piroxicam has a long half-life of approximately 45 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing compared to many other NSAIDs. Signup and view all the answers

What unique advantages do selective COX-2 inhibitors offer in treating inflammation and pain?

Selective COX-2 inhibitors specifically target the COX-2 enzyme associated with inflammation, minimizing gastrointestinal side effects compared to non-selective NSAIDs. Signup and view all the answers

What implications does the long-term use of ibuprofen have for women's cardiovascular health?

Long-term ibuprofen use is associated with an increased incidence of hypertension in women, raising cardiovascular risk. Signup and view all the answers

How does the selectivity of meloxicam towards COX-2 compare to COX-1, and why is this significant?

Meloxicam is slightly more selective for COX-2 than COX-1, which helps reduce gastrointestinal side effects associated with non-selective inhibition. Signup and view all the answers

Chronic abuse of analgesics can lead to chronic renal ______ due to ischemia.

failure Signup and view all the answers

High doses of aspirin cause coupling of oxidative phosphorylation and can lead to ______ and hyperpyrexia.

tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

The use of NSAIDs after 20 weeks of pregnancy is not ______ due to their effects on uterine contractions.

recommended Signup and view all the answers

Low doses of aspirin are not thought to have a significant effect on plasma ______ levels.

urate Signup and view all the answers

Salt and water retention occurs due to decreased renal ______ flow.

blood Signup and view all the answers

Small-to-moderate doses of aspirin can decrease uric acid ______ and thus may be contraindicated in gout.

excretion Signup and view all the answers

Aspirin can ______ the diuretic effect of diuretics due to decreased renal function.

antagonize Signup and view all the answers

Prolongation of pregnancy and delay of labor occurs due to inhibition of PGs necessary for uterine ______.

contraction Signup and view all the answers

Sulindac is known as a ______ and has a long half-life.

prodrug Signup and view all the answers

Ketorolac is a potent analgesic but it can cause severe ______ bleeding.

GIT Signup and view all the answers

Fenoprofen has been reported to induce ______ syndrome.

nephrotoxic Signup and view all the answers

Long-term use of ibuprofen is associated with an increased incidence of ______ in women.

hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Indomethacin is a very potent ______ inhibitor.

COX Signup and view all the answers

Piroxicam has a long half-life, approximately ______ hours.

45 Signup and view all the answers

Celecoxib is approximately 30 times more potent at inhibiting COX-2 than COX-______.

1 Signup and view all the answers

Selective COX-2 inhibitors are newer forms of NSAIDs that directly target the ______ enzyme responsible for pain.

COX-2 Signup and view all the answers

Salicylic acid is used for the treatment of ______.

warts Signup and view all the answers

A dose of 150 mg/day of Diclofenac can impair renal blood flow and ______.

GFR Signup and view all the answers

Reye's syndrome is a severe hepatic injury that can occur in ______.

children Signup and view all the answers

Aspirin must be stopped at least 7 days before ______.

surgery Signup and view all the answers

Methylsalicylic acid is used as a counter-irritant for local ______ pain.

rheumatic Signup and view all the answers

Chronic renal diseases may be aggravated by the use of ______.

aspirin Signup and view all the answers

Salicylates can increase the bleeding tendency due to displacement of other drugs from ______ proteins.

plasma Signup and view all the answers

The use of NSAIDs is discouraged after 20 weeks of ______.

pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Selective COX-2 inhibitors may also increase the risk of cardiovascular ______.

accidents Signup and view all the answers

Rofecoxib and valdecoxib were withdrawn from the market due to potential adverse ______.

effects Signup and view all the answers

The mechanism of selective COX-2 inhibitors focuses on inhibiting the COX-2 ______ enzyme.

inducible Signup and view all the answers

Non-selective COX inhibitors frequently cause ______ side effects.

renal Signup and view all the answers

TXA2 is formed by COX-1, whereas PGI2 is formed by COX-______.

2 Signup and view all the answers

Both selective and non-selective COX inhibitors have equal ______ and antipyretic effects.

analgesic Signup and view all the answers

High doses of selective COX-2 inhibitors can potentially lead to increased ______ complications.

thrombotic Signup and view all the answers

Hypersensitivity reactions are reported to be ______ frequent with selective COX-2 inhibitors.

less Signup and view all the answers

Match the following COX inhibitors with their side effect profiles:

Non-selective COX inhibitors = Increased thrombotic complications Selective COX-2 inhibitors = Decreased thrombotic complications Signup and view all the answers

Match the following COX enzymes with their effects:

COX-1 = Inhibits renal protective prostaglandins COX-2 = Inhibits inflammatory prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following reasons for withdrawal of COX inhibitors with the respective drugs:

Rofecoxib (Vioxx®) = Potential renal failure Valdecoxib = Potential gastric ulceration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following side effects with their corresponding COX inhibitor types:

Frequent hypersensitivity reactions = Non-selective COX inhibitors Less frequent hypersensitivity reactions = Selective COX-2 inhibitors Frequent renal side effects = Selective COX-2 inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following classes of COX inhibitors with their pharmacological effects:

Both COX classes = Equal analgesic and antipyretic effects Selective COX-2 inhibitors = Increased platelet aggregation Non-selective COX inhibitors = Decreased platelet aggregation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following side effects with the frequency seen in different COX inhibitors:

Gastric side effects = Frequent in non-selective COX inhibitors Thrombotic complications = Increased in selective COX-2 inhibitors Renal side effects = Frequent in both types Hypersensitivity reactions = Less frequent in selective COX-2 inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following health conditions with their associated COX inhibitors:

Cardiovascular accidents = Selective COX-2 inhibitors Peptic ulceration risk = Non-selective COX inhibitors Renal failure risk = Selective COX-2 inhibitors Gastric complications = Non-selective COX inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions regarding COX inhibitors:

TXA2 = Promotes platelet aggregation PGI2 = Inhibits platelet aggregation COX-1 = Is a constitutive enzyme COX-2 = Inducible enzyme associated with inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following adverse effects with their corresponding causes:

GIT ulcers = Chronic use of salicylates Reye's syndrome = Hepatic injury in children Analgesic nephropathy = Prolonged analgesic use Bleeding tendency = Aspirin's effect on plasma proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following NSAIDs with their notable properties:

Diclofenac = Less gastric irritant but more nephrotoxic Aspirin = Antithrombotic effects Methylsalicylic acid = Counter-irritant for rheumatic pain Salicylic acid = Keratolytic action for warts Signup and view all the answers

Match the following contraindications with their related conditions:

Hemophilia = Hemorrhagic disorders Gastritis = GIT disorders Uncontrolled hypertension = Risk of bleeding Chronic renal diseases = Aggravated renal failure Signup and view all the answers

Match the following NSAID mechanisms with their clinical usage:

Salicylic acid = Treatment of warts Methylsalicylic acid = Local pain relief Aspirin = Prevention of thrombosis Diclofenac = Pain management in arthritis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following patient conditions with their precautions when using NSAIDs:

Peptic ulcer = Avoid aspirin Asthma = Risk of bronchospasm Gout = May inhibit uric acid excretion Pregnancy = Stop aspirin 7 days prior to surgery Signup and view all the answers

Match the following NSAID effects with their respective systems:

GIT = Nausea and vomiting Hepatic = Reversible hepatic injury in adults Blood = Increased bleeding tendency Uterus = Prolongation of pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drugs with their effects on renal function:

Aspirin = Decreased diuretic effect of loop diuretics Diclofenac = Impaired renal blood flow NSAIDs = Increased risk of renal failure Salicylates = Salt and water retention Signup and view all the answers

Match the following NSAID-related terms with their descriptions:

Keratolytic = Salicylic acid action Counter-irritant = Methylsalicylic acid use Antipyretic = Not recommended for routine use Antirheumatic = Used in rheumatoid arthritis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following NSAIDs with their primary characteristics:

Sulindac = Prodrug with long half-life Ketorolac = Potent analgesic with risk of severe GIT bleeding Ibuprofen = Good alternative to aspirin in children with flu fevers Piroxicam = Higher risk of bleeding and ulceration than other NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

Match each NSAID with its specific risk or effect:

Fenoprofen = Induces nephrotoxic syndrome Indomethacin = Potent COX inhibitor but more toxic Meloxicam = Slightly selective for COX-2 Celecoxib = Approximately 30 times more potent at inhibiting COX-2 than COX-1 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the appropriate selective COX-2 inhibitors:

Celecoxib = High potency for COX-2 inhibition Etoricoxib = Used for treatment of osteoarthritis Meloxicam = Slight preference for COX-2 enzyme Rofecoxib = Withdrawn from the market due to safety concerns Signup and view all the answers

Match each NSAID with its usage details:

Indomethacin = Approved for patent ductus arteriosus closure in infants Ketorolac = Used for short-term management of severe pain Ibuprofen = Long-term use may increase hypertension risk Sulindac = Minimal effect on platelet aggregation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following NSAIDs to their common side effects:

Fenoprofen = Nephrotoxicity potential Ketorolac = Gastrointestinal bleeding risk Piroxicam = Increased risk of ulceration Sulindac = Minimal platelet aggregation effect Signup and view all the answers

Match the following long-term effects of NSAIDs with the corresponding drugs:

Ibuprofen = Increased incidence of hypertension in women Ketorolac = Risk of severe gastrointestinal complications Indomethacin = Potent analgesic with higher toxicity Piroxicam = Long half-life associated with bleeding risk Signup and view all the answers

Match the following NSAIDs with their specific use and response:

Celecoxib = Inhibits COX-2 enzyme to reduce inflammation Ketorolac = Used mainly for acute pain management Meloxicam = Has some selectivity for COX-2 Sulindac = Used for rheumatic pain and osteoarthritis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with the appropriate NSAIDs:

Indomethacin = Highly potent but relatively more toxic Fenoprofen = Reported to induce nephrotoxic syndrome Ibuprofen = Alternative to aspirin safe for children Ketorolac = Can cause severe GIT bleeding in long-term use Signup and view all the answers

Match the following renal effects of analgesics with their corresponding descriptions:

Analgesic nephropathy = Chronic renal failure from analgesic abuse Salt and water retention = Due to decreased renal blood flow Antagonize diuretic effect = Decreased effectiveness of diuretics Uric acid excretion = Small-to-moderate doses can decrease excretion Signup and view all the answers

Match the effects of high doses of aspirin with their outcomes:

Tachycardia = Increased heart rate Hyperpyrexia = Elevated body temperature Prolongation of pregnancy = Delay in labor onset Inhibition of PGs = Prevention of uterine contractions Signup and view all the answers

Match the therapeutic uses of salicylates with their indications:

Analgesic = Pain relief in mild-to-moderate pain Antipyretic = Reduction of fever Anti-inflammatory = Relief from inflammatory conditions Cardiovascular prophylaxis = Prevention of thromboembolic events Signup and view all the answers

Match the pharmacological actions related to aspirin with their effects:

Inhibition of PGE2 synthesis = Decreased renal blood flow Inhibition of aldosterone synthesis = Salt and water retention Antagonization of beta-blockers = Reduced antihypertensive effect Inhibition of PG I2 production = Increased cardiovascular risks Signup and view all the answers

Match the conditions related to pregnant women’s use of NSAIDs with their recommendations:

After 20 weeks = NSAIDs are not recommended Prolonged labor = Due to inhibition of PGs Use in late pregnancy = Caution advised due to risks Uterine contractions = Inhibited by NSAID use Signup and view all the answers

Match these side effects of aspirin with their associated metabolic effects:

High-dose effects = Coupling of oxidative phosphorylation Renal ischemia = Chronic use leading to nephropathy Uric acid retention = Can worsen conditions like gout Antiplatelet effect = Reduction in thrombus formation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions related to analgesics:

Chronic analgesic nephropathy = Renal damage from long-term analgesic use Analgesic tolerance = Reduced response to pain relief from repeated use NSAIDs contraindication = Risk factors that preclude their use Opioid overdose = Potentially life-threatening condition from excessive use Signup and view all the answers

Match the statements regarding aspirin with their implications:

Low-dose aspirin = Minimal effect on uric acid levels High doses of aspirin = Risk of tachycardia and hyperpyrexia Aspirin and diuretics = May reduce the effectiveness of diuretics Salicylate metabolism = Associated with various therapeutic properties Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes