Selective Attention Insights
54 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What effect does attention to one ear have on the processing of inputs to the other ear?

  • Results in better encoding of one ear's inputs (correct)
  • Improves processing for both ears equally
  • Enhances auditory processing from the unattended ear
  • Leads to complete loss of inputs from both ears

    • Which statement describes the dorsal attention network?

  • It includes regions associated with emotional processing.
  • It primarily focuses on stimulus novelty.
  • It is less active in response to unexpected stimuli.
  • It reflects sources of attentional signals in goal-directed control. (correct)

    • What role does the frontal cortex play in visual attention?

  • It decreases visually evoked responses in the visual cortex. (correct)
  • It only leads to better performance in auditory tasks.
  • It has no effect on visual processing.
  • It enhances visual attention in all contexts.

    • What is the main function of the superior colliculus?

    <p>To prepare for making overt eye movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does weak frontal eye field (FEF) stimulation have on attention tasks?

    <p>It enhances attention performance only at specific locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does reflexive or exogenous cueing affect response times?

    <p>It enhances responses to relevant stimuli after a short delay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to attention when more than 300 ms pass between an exogenous cue and the target?

    <p>Participants respond more slowly to stimuli near the cue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attention type is primarily concerned with stimulus novelty and salience?

    <p>Ventral attention network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is affected by the pulvinar regarding attention?

    <p>Coordinating activity of regions in the ventral visual pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when GABA antagonists are used in monkeys during attention tasks?

    <p>They enhance covert attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of selective attention?

    <p>It allocates attention to relevant inputs while ignoring irrelevant ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bottlenecks' refer to in attention processing?

    <p>Limited pathways through which information can pass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model proposes that only the most important sensory inputs are processed?

    <p>Broadbent’s model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to feature integration theory, what is necessary for integrating features into a perceived object?

    <p>Attention directed to relevant stimuli in a sequential manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of selective attention compared to divided attention on cortical activation?

    <p>It activates distinct, nonoverlapping regions of cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes unilateral spatial neglect?

    <p>Damage to one hemisphere of the brain’s attention network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Balint's syndrome is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Severe bilateral occipitoparietal lesions leading to simultaneous visual neglect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remaining information can individuals with unilateral neglect typically report from the unattended ear in a dichotic listening task?

    <p>Only the gender of the speaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of conjunction search on visual processing?

    <p>It affects the P1 wave similarly to cued spatial attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does early selection theory differ from late selection theory?

    <p>Early selection discards non-relevant information before analysis; late selection processes all inputs first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the population vector represent in motor planning?

    <p>The sum of all the individual vectors from active neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results from the loss of voluntary movements on the contralateral side of the body?

    <p>Hemiplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory did HM retain after his medial temporal lobe resection?

    <p>Semantic memory prior to surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the supplementary motor area?

    <p>Integrating tasks that require the use of both hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the traditional method define the directional tuning of neurons?

    <p>Using simple linear summation to create a population vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is impaired by damage to the hippocampus?

    <p>Trace conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of memory is primarily associated with the hippocampus during retrieval tasks?

    <p>Episodic memory recollection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of activity does the dynamic model of motor planning aim to predict?

    <p>Trajectory of neural activity in abstract, multidimensional space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the relationship between the repetition suppression effect and the brain regions involved?

    <p>Right inferior parietal cortex relates to movement while left frontal cortex relates to action goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of amnesia is described as the loss of memory for events occurring after a brain lesion or trauma?

    <p>Anterograde amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the amygdala in relation to memory?

    <p>Fear learning and emotional memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of D1 and D2 receptors in the basal ganglia pathways?

    <p>D1 receptors facilitate excitatory responses, D2 receptors facilitate inhibitory responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are regions of the hippocampus activated during memory tasks?

    <p>Only for correctly recalled words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) assist individuals with motor disabilities?

    <p>By translating neural signals to control prosthetic devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of long-term neuroprosthetic control?

    <p>It results in the formation of a stable cortical map that is resistant to change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the hippocampus from the amygdala in terms of memory processing?

    <p>Hippocampus is crucial for memory encoding, while amygdala is not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the population’s awareness of movement primarily stem from?

    <p>The prior conscious intention and predictions about the forthcoming action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the research on basketball players indicate about motor cortex excitability?

    <p>Expert players demonstrated an increase in motor cortex excitability when viewing a shot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the amygdala in relation to memory?

    <p>It is involved in emotional regulation and emotional memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of memory processes is primarily responsible for stabilizing a memory over time?

    <p>Consolidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does NMDA play in the brain's neural pathways?

    <p>It acts as a facilitator for LTP induction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome occurs when both the hippocampus and amygdala are damaged, along with the surrounding cortex?

    <p>Significant memory deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the biased competition model, what helps resolve competition among various stimuli?

    <p>Attention favoring a specific stimulus over others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is associated with the top-down search for specific content in episodic memory?

    <p>Superior parietal lobule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does attention influence the excitability of sensory neurons?

    <p>Attention alters the excitability of specific neurons through top-down projections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of short-term memory?

    <p>It is responsible for the consolidation of memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the relational memory theory propose about the hippocampus?

    <p>It supports memory for various kinds of relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the working memory maintenance hypothesis relate to the parietal cortex?

    <p>It posits that the parietal cortex is associated with maintaining information in working memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has extensive damage in patients with semantic dementia?

    <p>Anterior temporal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the attention to memory model state about the superior and inferior parietal lobes?

    <p>The dorsal region is crucial for top-down episodic memory searching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does consolidation occur according to the provided content?

    <p>By creating direct cortical connections through repeated reactivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

    <p>Treating disorders by passing electrical currents through the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes nondeclarative memory?

    <p>It is often expressed through actions and skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key event occurs during the acquisition phase of encoding?

    <p>Information is processed and available in the sensory buffer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Selective Attention

    • Selective attention is not global, but rather the allocation of attention to relevant information while ignoring irrelevant inputs, thoughts, and actions.
    • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is linked to disturbances in neural processing potentially resulting from differences in white matter within the attention network.
    • Individuals with ADHD exhibit reduced white matter.
    • Bottlenecks refer to stages where only a limited amount of information can pass.
    • Early selection suggests stimuli are selected or rejected for further processing before perceptual analysis.
    • Late selection posits that the perceptual system processes all inputs equally, with selection occurring later in information processing.
    • Treisman proposed that unattended information is either degraded or attenuated.
    • Conjunction search involves identifying objects defined by multiple features.
    • Feature integration theory of attention proposes that spatial attention must be directed to relevant stimuli to integrate individual features into a whole perceptual object. This should be done sequentially for each item involved in the array.
    • Visual conjunction searches affect P1 waves in the same way as cued spatial attention.

    Agnosia

    • Unilateral spatial neglect occurs when the brain's attention network is damaged in one hemisphere, most commonly in the right hemisphere.
    • Severity is typically worse when the right hemisphere is affected.
    • The inability to see contralesional stimuli is known as extinction when multiple stimuli are presented.
    • A result of unilateral lesions in parietal, posterior temporal, and frontal cortex or damage in subcortical areas.

    Neglect

    • Unilateral spatial neglect—damage to the attention network in one hemisphere, mostly right; severe neglect.
    • If two stimuli, one in each field are in view, the patient can't see the contralesional stimuli - this is known as extinction.
    • Results from unilateral lesions of parietal, posterior temporal, and frontal cortex, or from damage in subcortical areas.

    Attention Types

    • Spatial Attention: Selective focus on object or location features.
    • Selective Attention: Focus on specific features/properties, excluding irrelevant ones.
    • V1 to V4: Increased activity within regions of the brain when cues indicate location of an object.
    • Parietal precuneus: Active when presented with images of scenery.

    Attentional Networks

    • Dorsal Frontoparietal Network: Responsible for goal-directed attention, including spatial location, features, properties.
    • Ventral Attention Network: Focused on stimulus novelty and salience. This network takes over when required.
    • Ventral Right Hemisphere Regions: Reorients attention towards unexpected stimuli; lateralized to the right hemisphere.

    Posner Spatial Cuing Task

    • Endogenous Cues: Voluntary attention orienting to the cue, in response to external stimuli.
    • Exogenous Cues: Automatic orienting to stimuli by low-level features.
    • Reflexive or Exogenous Cueing: Non-voluntary attention orienting to stimuli with low features.
    • Inhibition of Return (IOR): Slower responses occur when targets appear in the vicinity of an irrelevant cue, occurring after more than 300 milliseconds.
    • Exogenous cues produce faster responses when the target is near the cue.
    • Visual search task requiring integration of multiple features.
    • Feature-integration theory; spatial attention needed for proper integration.

    Neurotransmitters and Neural Structures

    • Superior colliculus; brain areas involved in processing sensory information and generating responses; plays a role in reflexive attention and eye movement preparation.
    • Pulvinar: Plays a role in covert attentional control, coordinating activity of visual regions.
    • Cortical Regions, such as FEF (frontal eye field)
    • V5 (visual motion area) and FFA (fusiform face area).
    • TMS responses.

    Other

    • Apraxia: A neurological disorder affecting the ability to perform coordinated movements, often resulting from left-sided brain damage.
    • Pyramidal Motor Tracts: Primary pathways for direct control over spinal activity; involved in modulating posture, muscle tone, and movement speed. Receiving input from subcortical/cortical structures.
    • Extrapyramidal Motor Tracts: Play a role in indirect control of spinal activity; modulate muscles tone and movement speed.

    Brain Machine Interfaces

    • BMI: Use decoding algorithms for control of prosthetic devices with neural signals.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Selective Attention PDF

    Description

    Explore the crucial aspects of selective attention, including its role in information processing and the implications for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This quiz delves into theories such as early and late selection, bottlenecks, and Treisman's model of attention. Test your knowledge of these concepts and their impact on cognitive functions.

    More Like This

    Selective Attention
    10 questions

    Selective Attention

    UpbeatNephrite avatar
    UpbeatNephrite
    Selective Attention
    5 questions

    Selective Attention

    CourteousOwl avatar
    CourteousOwl
    Selective Attention and the Cocktail Party Effect Quiz
    5 questions

    Selective Attention and the Cocktail Party Effect Quiz

    GentleSpessartine avatar
    GentleSpessartine
    Psychology Chapter Selective Attention
    14 questions

    Psychology Chapter Selective Attention

    EvaluativeQuantum avatar
    EvaluativeQuantum
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser