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Questions and Answers
Which inflammatory cell type is most prominent during the first 24 hours of inflammation?
Which inflammatory cell type is most prominent during the first 24 hours of inflammation?
In chronic inflammation, which cells are typically the most prominent along with lymphocytes?
In chronic inflammation, which cells are typically the most prominent along with lymphocytes?
What is lymphocytosis?
What is lymphocytosis?
Which cell type is the most common finding in persons presenting with acute bacterial infections?
Which cell type is the most common finding in persons presenting with acute bacterial infections?
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What is the outcome of acute inflammation when the inciting injury is persistent or recurrent?
What is the outcome of acute inflammation when the inciting injury is persistent or recurrent?
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Which type of chemotactic factor is produced from plasma proteins and attracts neutrophils?
Which type of chemotactic factor is produced from plasma proteins and attracts neutrophils?
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What is the product of factor XIIa-mediated conversion of prekallikrein that acts as a chemotactic factor for neutrophils?
What is the product of factor XIIa-mediated conversion of prekallikrein that acts as a chemotactic factor for neutrophils?
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Which chemotactic factor is derived from leukotrienes and has a chemotactic effect on neutrophils?
Which chemotactic factor is derived from leukotrienes and has a chemotactic effect on neutrophils?
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What chemotactic factor is a product of platelets, monocytes, and macrophages that attracts neutrophils and macrophages?
What chemotactic factor is a product of platelets, monocytes, and macrophages that attracts neutrophils and macrophages?
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Which chemotactic factor is a product of activated complement component that attracts neutrophils?
Which chemotactic factor is a product of activated complement component that attracts neutrophils?
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What is the most likely cause of the boy's increased susceptibility to infection based on the provided information?
What is the most likely cause of the boy's increased susceptibility to infection based on the provided information?
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Which mechanism would be affected by a deficiency in integrins or selectins as mentioned in the text?
Which mechanism would be affected by a deficiency in integrins or selectins as mentioned in the text?
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In the context of the boy's condition, which process is part of the oxygen-dependent killing mechanism?
In the context of the boy's condition, which process is part of the oxygen-dependent killing mechanism?
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If a patient shows normal neutrophil migration in a chemotaxis assay but impaired phagocytosis, what could be a likely cause?
If a patient shows normal neutrophil migration in a chemotaxis assay but impaired phagocytosis, what could be a likely cause?
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What role does opsonization play in the immune response against microbes?
What role does opsonization play in the immune response against microbes?
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Which step in leukocyte recruitment is impaired in the 6-year-old child with recurrent infections and neutrophilic leukocytosis?
Which step in leukocyte recruitment is impaired in the 6-year-old child with recurrent infections and neutrophilic leukocytosis?
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What is the primary function of leukocytes during inflammation?
What is the primary function of leukocytes during inflammation?
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Which molecule is likely to be involved in the impaired rolling of leukocytes in the child with neutrophilic leukocytosis?
Which molecule is likely to be involved in the impaired rolling of leukocytes in the child with neutrophilic leukocytosis?
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What type of inflammation is characterized by the presence of microbial organisms but very few neutrophils?
What type of inflammation is characterized by the presence of microbial organisms but very few neutrophils?
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What is the main consequence of a defect in leukocyte rolling in an individual?
What is the main consequence of a defect in leukocyte rolling in an individual?
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Which of the following is true regarding leukocyte rolling during transmigration of neutrophils?
Which of the following is true regarding leukocyte rolling during transmigration of neutrophils?
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Which of the following molecules acts as an opsonin to facilitate phagocytosis?
Which of the following molecules acts as an opsonin to facilitate phagocytosis?
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Which of the following substances is a potent chemotactic agent for neutrophils?
Which of the following substances is a potent chemotactic agent for neutrophils?
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Which enzyme is involved in phagocytic cell microbicidal activity?
Which enzyme is involved in phagocytic cell microbicidal activity?
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In chronic inflammation, which cell type is typically the most prominent along with lymphocytes?
In chronic inflammation, which cell type is typically the most prominent along with lymphocytes?
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What type of cells are primarily responsible for engulfing larger particles in inflamed tissue after 2-3 days?
What type of cells are primarily responsible for engulfing larger particles in inflamed tissue after 2-3 days?
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Which inflammatory cells are predominant in allergic reactions and parasitic infestations?
Which inflammatory cells are predominant in allergic reactions and parasitic infestations?
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What is a characteristic feature of monocytes in terms of their nuclear chromatin appearance?
What is a characteristic feature of monocytes in terms of their nuclear chromatin appearance?
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Which cells are identified by a blue-gray cytoplasm with occasional granules and vacuoles?
Which cells are identified by a blue-gray cytoplasm with occasional granules and vacuoles?
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In which diseases is basophilia commonly observed?
In which diseases is basophilia commonly observed?
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What type of leukocytosis is commonly seen in allergic disorders, parasitic infestations, and certain malignancies?
What type of leukocytosis is commonly seen in allergic disorders, parasitic infestations, and certain malignancies?
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Which condition is basophilic leukocytosis often indicative of?
Which condition is basophilic leukocytosis often indicative of?
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What type of leukocytosis is commonly seen in chronic infections, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory bowel diseases?
What type of leukocytosis is commonly seen in chronic infections, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory bowel diseases?
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In which condition is lymphocytosis commonly seen along with monocytosis?
In which condition is lymphocytosis commonly seen along with monocytosis?
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What is the most common inflammatory cell type in persons presenting with acute bacterial infections?
What is the most common inflammatory cell type in persons presenting with acute bacterial infections?
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Which leukocytosis is specifically associated with autoimmune disorders like pemphigus and certain vasculitides?
Which leukocytosis is specifically associated with autoimmune disorders like pemphigus and certain vasculitides?
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Which type of leukocytosis is rare and often connected to certain malignancies like Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas?
Which type of leukocytosis is rare and often connected to certain malignancies like Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas?
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In which condition is basophilic leukocytosis very uncommon?
In which condition is basophilic leukocytosis very uncommon?
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What type of leukocytosis is indicative of myeloproliferative neoplasms?
What type of leukocytosis is indicative of myeloproliferative neoplasms?
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What kind of leukocytosis can be seen in chronic infections like tuberculosis and autoimmune disorders like lupus?
What kind of leukocytosis can be seen in chronic infections like tuberculosis and autoimmune disorders like lupus?
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Study Notes
Inflammation and Leukocytes
- Neutrophils are the most prominent cell type during the first 24 hours of inflammation.
- In chronic inflammation, macrophages and lymphocytes are the most prominent cells.
Chemotactic Factors
- Kallikrein attracts neutrophils and is produced from plasma proteins.
- Leukotriene B4 is derived from leukotrienes and attracts neutrophils.
- Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is produced by platelets, monocytes, and macrophages and attracts neutrophils and macrophages.
- C5a is produced by activated complement components and attracts neutrophils.
Leukocyte Functions
- Opsonization plays a crucial role in the immune response against microbes by marking them for phagocytosis.
- Leukocytes primarily function to engulf and eliminate pathogens during inflammation.
- Defects in leukocyte rolling can lead to impaired leukocyte recruitment and increased susceptibility to infections.
Leukocytosis
- Neutrophilic leukocytosis is commonly seen in acute bacterial infections.
- Lymphocytosis is commonly seen in chronic infections, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory bowel diseases.
- Eosinophilic leukocytosis is commonly seen in allergic disorders, parasitic infestations, and certain malignancies.
- Basophilic leukocytosis is often indicative of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Cellular Characteristics
- Monocytes have a characteristic horseshoe-shaped nucleus with diffuse chromatin.
- Eosinophils are identified by a blue-gray cytoplasm with occasional granules and vacuoles.
- Basophils are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infestations.
Diseases and Conditions
- Chronic inflammation can lead to the presence of microbial organisms with few neutrophils.
- Defects in integrins or selectins can lead to impaired leukocyte recruitment and increased susceptibility to infections.
- Defects in leukocyte rolling can lead to impaired leukocyte recruitment and increased susceptibility to infections.
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Description
This quiz reviews the role of selectins in the leukocyte rolling process, which is the first step in neutrophils transmigrating from the blood vessels to tissues. It also covers the interaction between selectins and their ligands in this process.
