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A short, single-stranded RNA (or DNA) segment that initiates DNA replication by providing a 3' end for DNA polymerase to start adding nucleotides.

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers needed for DNA replication.

DNA replication proceeds in two directions from a single origin, creating two replication forks.

The Y-shaped region where DNA is unwound and replicated during DNA replication.

The new DNA strand that is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction, following the replication fork.

The new DNA strand synthesized discontinuously in short fragments (Okazaki fragments) as the replication fork moves.

Short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

The enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the existing 3' end.

The duration of a cell cycle, varying based on cell type and external conditions (like oxygen and nutrients).

In somatic cells, the number of cell divisions is restricted, as opposed to germ cells.

The first gap phase in the cell cycle, where a cell grows and performs its specific functions before DNA synthesis.

The phase in the cell cycle during which DNA synthesis occurs, duplicating the cell's genetic material.

The second gap phase where the cell grows, prepares for mitosis, and checks the accuracy of DNA replication.

eukarióta sejt life-cycle-time. In optimal conditions, it is between 20–24 hours in cell cultures.

A resting phase outside the active cell cycle where the cell is not preparing for division.

The part of the cell cycle that comprises of G1, S, and G2 phases. It's a relatively quiescent phase of increased transcriptional and synthetic activities like synthesis of RNA, proteins, and growth of cellular organelles.

Repeating sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.

TTAGGG repeated sequence found at the ends of human chromosomes.

A ribonucleoprotein that replicates the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.

Serves as a template for extending the telomere sequence.

Adds complementary telomere repeats to the chromosome ends.

Each new DNA molecule contains one original and one newly synthesized strand.

Specific point on the DNA where DNA replication begins.

Y-shaped structure where the DNA double helix unwinds during replication.

The starting phase of DNA replication, where the double helix unwinds.

Enzyme that adds nucleotides to the new DNA strand.

Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).

A region of DNA, where the double helix unwinds and then synthesizes new DNA.

The phase of DNA replication where new strands are synthesized following initiation.

A laboratory technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences. It involves repeated cycles of DNA denaturation, annealing, and extension.

The stage of mitosis where kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling sister chromatids apart.

Short DNA sequences crucial in PCR, that bind to specific DNA sequences and initiate copying.

The stage of mitosis where polar microtubules lengthen and push the poles apart.

Series of events in a cell's life, culminating in cell division.

The final stage of mitosis where chromosomes decondense, and new nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes.

Part of the cell cycle where the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares for cell division.

The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.

Continuous division, rapidly cycling cells, typically with short life spans.

The process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with identical genetic information.

In animal cells, the structure of actin and myosin filaments that creates the furrow during cytokinesis.

First stage of mitosis: DNA condenses into visible chromosomes.

Stage in mitosis where chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.

A molecular control system that regulates the progression through the cell cycle, based on factors such as time, cells' environment, and cell type.

Cancer cells that have escaped the control mechanisms of the cell cycle, leading to uncontrolled growth and division.

The phase where a cell prepares for mitosis by growing, synthesizing proteins, checking DNA.

Organized structures of DNA and protein containing genetic information.

Organelle that organizes the microtubules needed for cell division.