Sejarah Orde Baru dan Reformasi
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Questions and Answers

Apa tujuan utama dari Trilogi Pembangunan yang diterapkan selama masa Orde Baru?

  • Menjaga stabilitas politik dan ekonomi (correct)
  • Mendorong demokrasi yang lebih terbuka
  • Menciptakan pemerataan kekayaan di seluruh Indonesia
  • Mengutamakan pembangunan industri berat

Suharto menerima penghargaan dari FAO karena keberhasilannya dalam bidang apa?

  • Peningkatan kualitas pendidikan
  • Swasembada pangan (correct)
  • Pembangunan infrastruktur
  • Penghapusan korupsi di sektor publik

Apa yang menjadi ciri khas sistem ekonomi pada masa Orde Baru menurut Yoshihara Konio?

  • Kapitalisme murni tanpa intervensi pemerintah
  • Penerapan sistem sosialisme yang moderat
  • Ekonomi berbasis koperasi yang kuat
  • Kapitalisme semu yang berkolaborasi dengan birokrat (correct)

Siapa pengganti Presiden Suharto setelah pengunduran dirinya?

<p>BJ Habibie (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi alasan utama penyimpangan sistem ekonomi dari Pancasila saat Orde Baru?

<p>Dominasi swasta atas kekayaan negara (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa saja cara yang dilakukan pemerintah Orde Baru untuk menjaga stabilitas ekonomi?

<p>Mendukung BUMN dan swasta secara bersamaan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Menurut interpretasi jaman Orde Baru, apa yang menjadi prinsip politik luar negeri yang dipegang?

<p>Politik luar negeri yang bebas dan aktif (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Salah satu dari berikut ini bukan merupakan bagian dari program pembangunan pada masa Orde Baru?

<p>Pengurangan utang luar negeri (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi salah satu cara Orde Baru dalam memasyarakatkan Pancasila?

<p>Penataran P4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi fokus utama kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia pada masa Orde Baru?

<p>Stabilitas regional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menyebabkan pelarangan mahasiswa untuk melakukan politik praktis pada masa Orde Baru?

<p>Normalisasi Kehidupan Kampus (NKK) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi penyebab langsung keruntuhan pemerintahan Orde Baru pada tahun 1997?

<p>Krisis moneter di Thailand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Langkah apa yang diambil oleh pemerintahan Indonesia pada tahun 1988 dalam menyelesaikan konflik politik di Asia Tenggara?

<p>Jakarta Informal Meeting untuk menyelesaikan masalah Kamboja (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa isi dari Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 yang diterbitkan pada masa pemerintahan B.J. Habibie?

<p>Desentralisasi kekuasaan daerah (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang diperoleh dari hubungan luar negeri Indonesia di Asia Tenggara selama Orde Baru?

<p>Peningkatan kerjasama ekonomi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi konsekuensi dari krisis keuangan yang melanda Indonesia pada tahun 1997?

<p>Penutupan bank-bank dalam negeri (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa konsekuensi yang diberlakukan oleh MPR melalui Ketetapan MPR No. IV/MPR/1978?

<p>Setiap WNI harus mendapatkan Penataran P4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Siapa pemenang pemilihan umum pertama pada tahun 1971?

<p>Partai Nasional Indonesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi fokus utama Kabinet Pembangunan era Orde Baru menurut ketetapan MPRS?

<p>Mewujudkan stabilitas politik dan ekonomi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi dasar pidato Presiden Soeharto pada Konferensi FAO di Roma tahun 1985?

<p>Keberhasilannya membawa Indonesia berswasembada pangan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa saja langkah yang diambil oleh pemerintah untuk menegakkan Pancasila di masa Orde Baru?

<p>Menindak tegas tindakan yang dianggap bertentangan dengan Pancasila (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa tujuan utama dari Rancangan Pembangunan Lima Tahun yang dilaksanakan pada era Orde Baru?

<p>Meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat secara menyeluruh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi karakteristik dari pertumbuhan ekonomi yang diinginkan oleh pemerintah pada saat itu?

<p>Pertumbuhan yang merata di semua sektor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menjadi tantangan utama dalam mencapai pendidikan tinggi masyarakat pada era Orde Baru?

<p>Pendanaan yang tidak memadai (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Orde Baru's power maintenance strategies

Orde Baru maintained power through economic development, promoting Pancasila (state ideology) through P4 programs, and other means.

Normalisasi Kehidupan Kampus (NKK) and Birokratisasi Kehidupan Kampus (BKK)

These policies were implemented by the Orde Baru government in 1978, restricting student political activity in response to historical events.

Orde Baru's foreign policy focus in 1988-1990

Orde Baru prioritized regional stability in Southeast Asia to facilitate national development. A key example is the Jakarta Informal Meeting's role in resolving the Cambodian conflict

Cause of the fall of Orde Baru

The collapse of Orde Baru was primarily triggered by a severe monetary crisis, particularly a weakening of the Thai Bath against the US dollar, spreading to Indonesia, and ultimately resulting in the collapse.

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BJ Habibie's reform agenda

BJ Habibie's government addressed reform issues, particularly those stemming from student protests. One significant outcome was Law No. 22 of 1999.

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Historical context of NKK/BKK

The implementation of NKK/BKK in 1978 followed political events like the September 30th Movement, but not directly related to the 'Malapetakan Lima Belas Januari' or the issuance of the March 11th instruction. The key events were historical factors leading to the restriction of student political activities.

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Jakarta Informal Meeting

A series of meetings initiated by Indonesia in the late 1980s to address regional political conflicts, specifically the Cambodian conflict.

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Monetary crisis and Orde Baru

The weakening of the Thai baht and subsequent rupiah devaluation directly contributed to the downfall of Orde Baru, starting a chain of events that ended in its collapse.

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Orde Baru's Development Programs

Three development programs implemented during the New Order era. Key programs included in options like (1), (2), and (3), among others.

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Soeharto's FAO Award

Presiden Soeharto received an award from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1985 for successes. An associated concept is related to national development success, specifically in economic and social aspects, promoting food security and eradication of poverty.

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Trilogi Pembangunan

The core development guideline that the New Order government focused on. It usually consisted of economic growth, social justice, and national defense.

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New Order Economic System

The economic system during the New Order era, not a purely capitalist one but had characteristics of capitalism. It had involvement with bureaucracy and was considered to be detrimental to the state.

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Dominant Economic Actors (1966-1998)

Private sector companies during the period. This is not a typical capitalistic system due to high levels of state-owned enterprises (BUMN), which represent a significant part of economic activities.

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Capitalism in Indonesia

The perceived economic system in Indonesia during the New Order era, which is a form of mixed economy where the state and private actors participate.

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Suharto's Succession

President Suharto's transfer of power in 1998, occurring at the presidential office instead of the parliamentary convention and it is attributed to likely political pressures or unforeseen circumstances during that time period.

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Trilogi Pembangunan

The three core principles guiding the New Order government's approach to development.

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1978 Eka Prasetya Pancakarsa

A set of principles established by MPR in 1978, mandating P4 education for all Indonesian citizens.

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1971 Election Winner

The winning party in Indonesia's first general election held in 1971.

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Kabinet Pembangunan Tasks

Key responsibilities of the Orde Baru cabinet, encompassing political stabilization, economic planning, and administrative reforms.

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Orde Baru Success Factors

Key elements that contributed to the perceived success of the Orde Baru regime. These often included economic growth, political stability, and national unity.

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Soeharto's 1985 FAO Speech

Reason for President Soeharto's speech at the 1985 FAO conference in Rome.

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Orde Baru's Pancasila Enforcement

How the Orde Baru government aimed to enforce Pancasila principles.

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MPR Ketetapan

The legal basis for implementing the Eka Prasetya Pancakarsa.

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1971 Election System

The system used for the 1971 Indonesian general election.

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Study Notes

Orde Baru Reformasi

  • Orde Lama: Sukarno's era (1959-1965), marked by Guided Democracy
  • Orde Baru: Suharto's era (following the 1965 coup), characterized as New Order
  • Orde Reformasi: Period after Suharto's fall, signifying Reform Order

Key Events Leading to Orde Baru

  • 30 September Movement (G30S) 1965: Triggered Suharto's ascent to power
  • Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret (Supersemar) 1966: Crucial document authorizing Suharto's actions
  • Tritura: Three demands (dissolve PKI, clear cabinet, reduce prices) from Front Pancasila
  • Kabinet Dwikora yang Disempurnakan: Reshuffled cabinet, but failed to quell protests, which triggered Supersemar

Key Events of Orde Baru

  • MPRS (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara): A body formed to address issues from the previous regime and ratify important decisions.
  • MPRS Decrees (e.g., IX/MPRS/1968): Crucial decrees to affirm Suharto's position and legitimize political changes.
  • 1971 General Election: Election held under the New Order, significant for its methods and outcomes.
  • Trilogi Pembangunan: Three main development goals: economic growth, social justice, and national defense.

Issues

  • Political Repression: Human rights abuses and restrictions on political freedoms
  • Economic Inequality: Gaps between the rich and poor widened
  • Corruption and Abuse of Power: Corruption, cronyism, and nepotism were widespread concerns

Reformasi Era

  • Student Protests: Major catalyst for the end of the New Order, often demanding democratic reforms and accountability.
  • President Suharto's Resignation: Marked the transition to the Reformasi era.
  • Withdrawal from Timor Leste: This political manoeuvre was fraught with complicated context.
  • Economic Crisis: Indonesia's economy faced significant challenges in the latter years of the New Order.
  • Reformasi Agenda: Demanding democratic reforms, human rights, accountability, and good governance.
  • 1998 MPR Session: Rejection of President Suharto's report, further fueling the momentum for change.
  • Suharto's resignation and transition to the Reformasi Era: The shift in leadership, marking the end of the New Order and the start of the Reformasi era.

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LAT. PH ORBA REFO KUNCI.docx

Description

Uji pemahaman tentang sejarah Orde Baru dan Reformasi di Indonesia. Pelajari tentang peristiwa penting yang mengarah ke era Suharto dan dampaknya setelah jatuhnya rezim tersebut. Tes kemampuanmu mengenali peristiwa kunci dan figur penting dalam periode ini.

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