Sejarah Negeri-Negeri Selat (Straits Settlements)

Negeri-Negeri Selat (Straits Settlements)

Definition

• A British crown colony that existed from 1826 to 1946
• Comprised of four territories: Singapore, Malacca, Penang, and Dinding

History

• Established in 1826 by the British East India Company
• Initially, the territories were governed separately, but in 1826, they were united under a single administration
• The Straits Settlements became a crown colony in 1867, with the British monarch as the head of state
• The colony was dissolved in 1946, and the territories became part of the Malayan Union

Economy

• The Straits Settlements were a significant commercial center in Southeast Asia
• The economy was driven by trade, particularly in tin, rubber, and spices
• The colony was also a major financial hub, with Singapore serving as a key banking center

Government

• The colony was governed by a Governor, who was responsible for administration and legislation
• The Governor was assisted by an Executive Council and a Legislative Council
• The Legislative Council was composed of both official and unofficial members, with the latter representing the local population

Impact on Malaya

• The Straits Settlements played a significant role in the development of Malaya
• The colony introduced modern infrastructure, such as roads, railways, and telecommunications
• The British also introduced a system of education, which helped to promote English as a lingua franca in Malaya

Notable Events

• The Straits Settlements were occupied by Japan during World War II (1942-1945)
• The Malayan Union was established in 1946, which led to the dissolution of the Straits Settlements and the creation of the Federation of Malaya

Definisi Negeri-Negeri Selat

• Koloni mahkota British yang wujud dari tahun 1826 hingga 1946.
• Terdiri daripada empat wilayah: Singapura, Melaka, Pulau Pinang, dan Dinding.

Sejarah

• Ditubuhkan pada tahun 1826 oleh Syarikat Hindia Timur British.
• Wilayah-wilayah pada awalnya ditadbir secara terpisah, tetapi disatukan di bawah satu pentadbiran pada tahun 1826.
• Menjadi koloni mahkota pada tahun 1867, dengan monarki British sebagai ketua negeri.
• Koloni dibubarkan pada tahun 1946 dan wilayah-wilayah tersebut menjadi sebahagian daripada Persekutuan Malaya.

Ekonomi

• Negeri-Negeri Selat merupakan pusat komersial utama di Asia Tenggara.
• Ekonomi ditunjang oleh perdagangan, terutamanya dalam timah, getah, dan rempah.
• Singapura berfungsi sebagai pusat kewangan dan perbankan yang penting.

Kerajaan

• Koloni ditadbir oleh seorang Gabenor yang bertanggungjawab terhadap pentadbiran dan perundangan.
• Gabenor dibantu oleh Lembaga Eksekutif dan Lembaga Perundangan.
• Lembaga Perundangan terdiri daripada anggota rasmi dan tidak rasmi, dengan anggota tidak rasmi mewakili penduduk tempatan.

Impak terhadap Malaya

• Negeri-Negeri Selat memberi kesan besar kepada pembangunan Malaya.
• Memperkenalkan infrastruktur moden seperti jalan raya, kereta api, dan telekomunikasi.
• Sistem pendidikan diperkenalkan, membantu mempopularkan bahasa Inggeris sebagai lingua franca di Malaya.

Peristiwa Penting

• Negeri-Negeri Selat diduduki oleh Jepun semasa Perang Dunia II (1942-1945).
• Persekutuan Malaya ditubuhkan pada tahun 1946, membawa kepada pembubaran Negeri-Negeri Selat dan penciptaan Persekutuan Malaya.