Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of seizure involves increased muscular activity causing stiffness/rigidity bilaterally?
Which type of seizure involves increased muscular activity causing stiffness/rigidity bilaterally?
In the context of seizures, what is the priority when managing a tonic-clonic seizure?
In the context of seizures, what is the priority when managing a tonic-clonic seizure?
Which medication is commonly used to treat generalized seizures like absence seizures?
Which medication is commonly used to treat generalized seizures like absence seizures?
What type of seizure involves complete loss of muscle tone and poses a risk for injury?
What type of seizure involves complete loss of muscle tone and poses a risk for injury?
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In partial seizures, which type results in unconsciousness?
In partial seizures, which type results in unconsciousness?
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What is a key precaution to take when managing a seizure to avoid injury?
What is a key precaution to take when managing a seizure to avoid injury?
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Study Notes
Types of Seizures
- Generalized seizures involve the whole brain and include:
- Tonic seizures, characterized by increased muscular activity causing stiffness/rigidity bilaterally
- Clonic seizures, characterized by arrhythmic jerking bilaterally
- Tonic-clonic seizures, a mix of tonic and clonic phases
- Absence seizures, characterized by brief loss of consciousness
- Myoclonic seizures, characterized by unilateral arrhythmic jerking
- Atonic seizures, characterized by complete loss of muscle tone, with a risk for injury
Partial Seizures
- Partial seizures only affect one part or hemisphere of the brain and include:
- Complex partial seizures, where the person is unconscious
- Simple partial seizures, where the person is conscious
Seizure Precautions
- Protect the person from injury
- Do not force anything into their mouth
- Turn them on their left side
- Loosen any restrictive clothing
- Do not restrain them
- Record the time, duration, and type of seizure
- Have O2 and suction readily available
- Use a saline lock IV if there is a risk for Tonic-Clonic seizures
Seizure Treatment
- Acute treatment: Ativan, Valium (to stop the seizure)
- Generalized seizure treatment: Tegretol, Depakote, Luminal, Dilantin, Mysoline
- Partial seizure treatment: Tegretol, Depakote, Neurontin, Lamictal, Trileptal, Dilantin, Gabitril
- Absence seizure treatment: Klonopin, Depakote, Zarontin
- Myoclonic seizure treatment: Klonopin, Depakote
Teaching and Patient Education
- Drug therapy: teach time, dosage, and side effects
- Avoid OTC medications
- Wear a medical alert bracelet
- Be aware of state regulations regarding driving
- Avoid alcohol intake and excessive fatigue
- Avoid citrus products, especially grapefruit juice
- Do not take Coumadin with Dilantin
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Description
Learn about different types of seizures, including generalized and partial, along with safety precautions to take during a seizure. Understand the characteristics of each type such as tonic, clonic, absence, myoclonic, and atonic seizures.
