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Questions and Answers
Which type of seizure involves increased muscular activity causing stiffness/rigidity bilaterally?
Which type of seizure involves increased muscular activity causing stiffness/rigidity bilaterally?
- Absence
- Clonic
- Myoclonic
- Tonic (correct)
In the context of seizures, what is the priority when managing a tonic-clonic seizure?
In the context of seizures, what is the priority when managing a tonic-clonic seizure?
- Give OTC medications
- Administer oxygen immediately
- Protect the person from injury (correct)
- Restrain the person to prevent movements
Which medication is commonly used to treat generalized seizures like absence seizures?
Which medication is commonly used to treat generalized seizures like absence seizures?
- Depakote (correct)
- Neurontin
- Klonopin
- Luminal
What type of seizure involves complete loss of muscle tone and poses a risk for injury?
What type of seizure involves complete loss of muscle tone and poses a risk for injury?
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In partial seizures, which type results in unconsciousness?
In partial seizures, which type results in unconsciousness?
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What is a key precaution to take when managing a seizure to avoid injury?
What is a key precaution to take when managing a seizure to avoid injury?
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Study Notes
Types of Seizures
- Generalized seizures involve the whole brain and include:
- Tonic seizures, characterized by increased muscular activity causing stiffness/rigidity bilaterally
- Clonic seizures, characterized by arrhythmic jerking bilaterally
- Tonic-clonic seizures, a mix of tonic and clonic phases
- Absence seizures, characterized by brief loss of consciousness
- Myoclonic seizures, characterized by unilateral arrhythmic jerking
- Atonic seizures, characterized by complete loss of muscle tone, with a risk for injury
Partial Seizures
- Partial seizures only affect one part or hemisphere of the brain and include:
- Complex partial seizures, where the person is unconscious
- Simple partial seizures, where the person is conscious
Seizure Precautions
- Protect the person from injury
- Do not force anything into their mouth
- Turn them on their left side
- Loosen any restrictive clothing
- Do not restrain them
- Record the time, duration, and type of seizure
- Have O2 and suction readily available
- Use a saline lock IV if there is a risk for Tonic-Clonic seizures
Seizure Treatment
- Acute treatment: Ativan, Valium (to stop the seizure)
- Generalized seizure treatment: Tegretol, Depakote, Luminal, Dilantin, Mysoline
- Partial seizure treatment: Tegretol, Depakote, Neurontin, Lamictal, Trileptal, Dilantin, Gabitril
- Absence seizure treatment: Klonopin, Depakote, Zarontin
- Myoclonic seizure treatment: Klonopin, Depakote
Teaching and Patient Education
- Drug therapy: teach time, dosage, and side effects
- Avoid OTC medications
- Wear a medical alert bracelet
- Be aware of state regulations regarding driving
- Avoid alcohol intake and excessive fatigue
- Avoid citrus products, especially grapefruit juice
- Do not take Coumadin with Dilantin
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