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Questions and Answers
Which type of wave is characterized by compressional motion and can travel through all states of matter?
Which type of wave is characterized by compressional motion and can travel through all states of matter?
- Love waves
- P-waves (correct)
- Rayleigh waves
- S-waves
What distinguishes S-waves from P-waves in terms of their ability to travel through different states of matter?
What distinguishes S-waves from P-waves in terms of their ability to travel through different states of matter?
- S-waves are faster than P-waves and can travel through liquids.
- Both S-waves and P-waves can travel through all states of matter.
- S-waves can only travel through solids, while P-waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. (correct)
- S-waves are more destructive but can only travel through gases.
Which type of surface wave is known for its horizontal shearing effect and is particularly damaging to structures?
Which type of surface wave is known for its horizontal shearing effect and is particularly damaging to structures?
- Love waves (correct)
- S-waves
- P-waves
- Rayleigh waves
In terms of speed, how do Rayleigh waves compare to other types of seismic waves?
In terms of speed, how do Rayleigh waves compare to other types of seismic waves?
What type of motion does a Rayleigh wave exhibit?
What type of motion does a Rayleigh wave exhibit?
Which statement about Rayleigh waves is accurate?
Which statement about Rayleigh waves is accurate?
What characteristic distinguishes P-waves from S-waves?
What characteristic distinguishes P-waves from S-waves?
Which wave type is primarily responsible for the most severe ground shaking during an earthquake?
Which wave type is primarily responsible for the most severe ground shaking during an earthquake?
What type of motion is associated with Love waves?
What type of motion is associated with Love waves?
Regarding wave speed, which statement is true?
Regarding wave speed, which statement is true?
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Study Notes
Seismic Waves
- Seismic waves are generated by earthquakes and travel through the Earth.
- Two main types: Body waves and Surface waves.
Body Waves
- P-waves:
- Fastest seismic waves.
- Travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
- Compressional motion: particles move in the same direction as the wave.
- Less damaging than other waves due to less ground motion.
- S-waves:
- Slower than P-waves.
- Travel only through solids.
- Shear motion: particles move perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
- More destructive than P-waves, causing stronger ground motion.
Surface Waves
-
Travel along Earth's surface.
-
Typically responsible for the most earthquake damage.
-
Love Waves:
- Horizontal shearing motion, moving the ground side-to-side.
- Faster than Rayleigh waves, but slower than body waves.
- Particularly damaging to buildings due to their shearing effect.
-
Rayleigh Waves:
- Similar to ocean waves, causing a rolling motion.
- Move the ground both vertically and horizontally in an elliptical path.
- Slowest seismic wave.
- Can cause significant damage due to the rolling motion.
Earthquake Wave Arrival Order
- Seismic waves arrive at seismographs in a specific order:
- P-waves arrive first, providing early warning of an earthquake.
- S-waves arrive second and cause more damage than P-waves due to higher energy.
- Surface waves (Love and Rayleigh) are responsible for the most severe ground shaking and destruction.
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