Earthquake Science Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is used to measure the degree of earthquake shaking at a given location?

  • Damage report
  • Intensity scale (correct)
  • Seismic record
  • Magnitude scale

The estimate of total energy released during an earthquake is based on the damage observed.

False (B)

What metric is used to estimate the total energy released during an earthquake?

Magnitude

The degree of earthquake shaking at a given locale is based on the amount of _____ observed.

<p>damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Intensity = Measure of shaking based on damage Magnitude = Estimate of total energy released Seismic record = Data collected from seismic sensors Earthquake = A sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes geological phenomena associated with ground movement?

<p>Rock falls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deep failure of slopes is a type of geological phenomenon.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one type of ground movement mentioned in the content.

<p>Rock falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shallow ______ flows are a type of geological phenomenon.

<p>debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Rock falls = Movement of rock fragments down a slope Deep failure of slopes = Collapse of soil layers in a slope Shallow debris flows = Fast-moving mixture of water and loose sediment Ground movement = General term for various geological shifts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Long (L) waves primarily responsible for?

<p>Surface damage during earthquakes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Long (L) waves have shorter periods than other seismic waves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do earthquake-generated Long (L) waves travel along?

<p>the outer layer of Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Long (L) waves are responsible for most of the surface _____ during earthquakes.

<p>damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of seismic waves with their characteristics:

<p>Long (L) waves = Responsible for surface damage Primary (P) waves = Fastest seismic wave Secondary (S) waves = Can only travel through solids Surface waves = Travel along the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to rock once it is strained beyond its breaking point?

<p>It cracks and releases energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Elastic Rebound Theory states that rocks can deform without breaking.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is released when rock cracks due to being strained beyond its breaking point?

<p>earthquake waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

When rock is strained out of its elastic limit, it will _____ and release energy.

<p>rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to rock deformation with their definitions:

<p>Strain = Deformation of material due to applied force Elastic limit = The maximum extent to which a material can deform elastically Rupture = The breaking of a material due to stress Energy release = The emission of energy in the form of waves or heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of earthquakes?

<p>Buildings collapsing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gas lines rupturing during an earthquake can lead to fires.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of natural force is described as being highly destructive during an earthquake?

<p>Ground movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

The damage caused by earthquakes is __________.

<p>measurable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following consequences of earthquakes with their descriptions:

<p>Buildings collapse = Structural damage leading to the destruction of human-made structures Fire outbreaks = Result of ruptured gas lines during seismic events Loss of life = The tragic outcome of severe earthquakes affecting populations Ground shaking = The primary physical phenomenon experienced during an earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Earthquake Intensity

  • Measures the degree of shaking at a specific location based on damage.

Earthquake Magnitude

  • An estimate of the total energy released during an earthquake based on seismic records.

Geological Phenomena

  • Refers to a range of ground movements like rockfalls, slope failures, and debris flows.

Can Earthquakes be Predicted?

  • Currently, there is no reliable method to predict earthquakes.

Seismic Waves

  • Waves of energy that travel through the Earth's interior and along its surface.

Long Waves (L-Waves)

  • Travel along the Earth's outer layer and are responsible for surface damage.
  • They have longer periods than other seismic waves.

Elastic Rebound Theory

  • Describes how stored energy in rock masses is released during earthquakes.
  • Rock masses under stress eventually reach their breaking point and rupture, releasing energy as earthquake waves.

Impact of Earthquakes

  • Earthquakes are one of the most destructive natural forces on Earth.
  • They cause significant damage to buildings, infrastructure, and can lead to fires and loss of life.
  • Earthquake damage can be measured and assessed.

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