Seed Germination Process Quiz

Mature seeds that still contain endosperm after embryo development. The endosperm provides nutrients for the growing embryo.

Mature seeds where the endosperm is completely used up during embryo development. The embryo obtains nutrients directly from the cotyledons.

A single cotyledon in a monocot seed. It functions as a food storage organ.

The outer layer of the endosperm in monocot seeds. It is rich in proteins.

The embryo in monocot seeds, located in a groove at one end of the seed. It has a single large cotyledon called the scutellum.

A protective sheath covering the plumule in monocot seeds.

A protective sheath covering the radicle in monocot seeds.

A scar on the seed coat marking the point of attachment to the ovary wall.

The region between the plumule and the point of attachment of the cotyledons. It's essentially the stem portion above the cotyledons.

A seed with two cotyledons. These seeds typically have a root, a shoot, and a large endosperm that provides nutrients for the developing seedling.

A seed with a single cotyledon. These seeds typically have a root, a shoot, and a smaller endosperm, as the cotyledon serves as a storage organ.

The process where a dormant embryo within a seed becomes active, grows out of the seed coat, and develops into a seedling.

The absorption of water by the dry seed, causing it to swell. This triggers the activation of enzymes and the start of metabolic processes.

The process where enzymes inside the seed become active after imbibition. These enzymes break down stored food reserves, providing energy for growth.

The stage where the embryo starts to grow, utilizing the food resources from the endosperm or cotyledons.

Stored food reserves in the seed (starch, proteins, fats) are converted into readily usable forms like sugars and amino acids for growth.

The seed switches from anaerobic respiration (without oxygen) to aerobic respiration (with oxygen) as it sprouts and gains access to air.

The embryo inside the seed grows and expands, eventually causing the protective seed coat to break.

The radicle, the first part of the embryo to emerge, grows downward to form the primary root.

The plumule, another part of the embryo, grows upwards to form the shoot, the aboveground portion of the plant.

The seedling emerges from the soil, marking the end of germination and the start of the plant's independent life

A type of germination where the cotyledons remain underground and the epicotyl grows upwards, forming an arch.

A type of germination where the hypocotyl grows upwards, pushing the cotyledons above the soil surface.

The outermost layer of a fruit, often consisting only of the epidermis.

The middle layer of a fruit, varying in thickness.

The innermost layer of a fruit that shows variation between different species.

A fruit developing from a single ovary of a single flower.

A fruit that develops from multiple ovaries, either from one flower or multiple flowers.

The process of breaking, scratching, mechanically altering, or softening the seed coat to make it permeable to water and gases.

Rubbing seeds against a rough surface, like sandpaper, to weaken the seed coat.

Soaking seeds in hot water (77 to 100°C) to soften the seed coat.

Soaking seeds in a concentrated acid (like hydrochloric or sulfuric acid) for a short time to weaken the seed coat.

Exposing seeds to low temperatures (2 weeks to 3 months) in a moist planting medium to promote germination.

A mature ovary of a flower that contains seeds.

The thickened wall of a fruit that develops from the ovary wall.

Fruit development that occurs without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruits.

A state where seeds don't germinate even under favorable conditions.

A thick or hard seed coat prevents water and air from reaching the embryo, preventing germination.

The embryo is underdeveloped and needs to mature before germination can occur.

Germination is delayed by chemical mechanisms within the embryo.

Dormancy allows seeds to survive harsh conditions like drought and cold, ensuring plant survival.

Dormant seeds can remain viable for years, providing a source of new plants even if existing ones die.

Dormancy helps seeds travel long distances over land or water, allowing for wider dispersal.

Dormancy ensures that seeds germinate only under optimal conditions, increasing chances of successful growth.